我国作为世界上最大的煤炭生产国和消费国，能源结构仍以煤炭、石油、天然气等传统化石燃料为主，碳排放量高，且其能源格局预计短时间内不会发生实质性改变。能源领域减排是我国实现碳达峰、碳中和的关键之处，但这并不意味着化石能源就要完全退出。目前，实现碳中和已上升到国家战略层面，碳中和是国家提出的一个顶层目标，落实到实际的产业层面，将会给传统的高耗能企业转型和新能源及绿色产业带来巨大的发展机遇，同时从一定程度上极大地推动环境保护与生态修复。推进碳中和，对我国现代化建设、对全球气候治理、对人类命运共同体建设，都具有极其重要的理论与实践意义。以我国的能源结构组成与碳排放现状为主要切入点，介绍了我国现阶段碳中和的具体背景，分析了生态修复与碳中和的内在联系，讨论了煤炭矿山生态修复的生态逻辑、应遵循的基本原则与实施的总体要求，同时强调了消除地质安全隐患、自然恢复、辅助再生、生态重建等矿山生态修复技术措施的内涵及分类。传统煤矿开采不仅造成了地表植被破坏、土壤质地变化，而且导致碳汇损失，在开采与选洗过程中直接和间接的导致了碳的大量排放，通过科学的矿山生态修复可较大程度改善土壤质地、增加植被覆盖率，提高减排增汇水平，实现“低碳源、高〖JP〗碳汇、高效益”的发展状态，有效助力碳中和的实现。

As the world’s largest coal producer and consumer, China’s energy structure is still dominated by traditional fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, and its carbon emissions rank first in the world, and its energy pattern is not expected to undergo substantial changes in a short period of time. The energy sector is the key to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China, but this does not mean that fossil energy will be completely withdrawn. At present, achieving carbon neutrality has risen to the national strategic level. Carbon neutrality is a top-level goal proposed by the country. When implemented at the actual industrial level, it will bring benefits to traditional high-energy-consuming enterprises and emerging new energy and green industries. Huge development opportunities, while greatly promoting environmental protection and ecological restoration to a certain extent. Promoting carbon neutrality has extremely important theoretical and practical significance for China’s modernization, global climate governance, and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Taking China’s energy structure composition and carbon emissions status as the main entry point, this paper introduces the specific background of China’s current carbon neutrality, analyzes the internal relationship between ecological restoration and carbon neutrality, and then discusses the ecological logic of ecological restoration of coal mines. The basic principles to be followed and the overall requirements for implementation, while emphasizing the connotation and classification of mining ecological restoration technical measures such as the elimination of geological safety hazards, natural restoration, auxiliary regeneration, and ecological reconstruction. Coal mining not only caused the destruction of surface vegetation and changes in soil texture, resulting in carbon loss, but also directly and indirectly caused a large amount of carbon emissions during the process of mining and washing. Scientific mine ecological restoration can greatly improve soil texture.Increase vegetation coverage, increase the level of emission reduction and sink increase and realize the development status of “low carbon source, high carbon sink, and high efficiency”, which effectively contributes to the realization of carbon neutrality.

0 引言

1 我国碳排放现状

2 生态修复与碳中和的关系

   2.1 碳中和背景分析

   2.2 生态修复对碳中和的作用

3 矿山生态修复的技术体系

   3.1 矿山生态修复的定义

   3.2 矿山生态修复的生态逻辑

4 碳中和背景下的生态修复理论与技术

   4.1 煤炭矿山生态修复的基本原则

   4.2 碳中和背景下煤炭矿山生态修复的总体要求

   4.3 煤炭矿山生态修复减排增汇的技术路径

5 结论