针对“双碳目标”背景，对矿山生态修复的内涵做出了新的阐释。新形势下，矿山生态修复的目标至少包括实现修复后生态系统的自我维持能力、正向演替达到新的生态平衡和区域社会经济可持续发展。实现目标的基本手段是以自我恢复为主，与适度人工干预相结合。从碳中和目标的实现路径出发，较为系统地分析了碳中和引发的社会经济与生态格局变化和结果，认为双碳目标必将加速后矿业时代到来，而生态修复是后矿业时代最为重要的任务之一。后矿业时代具有长久性、艰巨性和复杂性等特征。土地整治、环境治理、产业转型、社会转型、景观重建等是生态修复通常采用的人工引导措施，这些举措对碳中和目标的实现发挥着不同的作用。实现碳中和目标需要从能源替代、产业替代与升级、生态服务功能提升等方面延伸矿山生态修复措施，进一步分析了矿山生态修复在实现碳中和目标过程中发挥的能源替代、节能减排和固碳增汇3方面的作用和贡献，按贡献大小排序：能源替代>节能减排>固碳增汇。提出了碳中和目标背景下矿山生态修复的新路径，包括：① 更新标准规范，适应碳中和目标的需求，构建“1+N”标准与规范体系，提高规范与标准的针对性和适用性；② 改革管理机制，探索矿业临时用地政策，明晰地下空间产权，推进生态修复市场化机制，实现多措并举协同推进生态修复；③ 创新技术体系，开展分类施策、分区管控、分级治理、分步推进，推动生态修复全过程深度减排与长效生态增汇。

Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality (“Double Carbon Targets”,DCT),the connotation of mine ecological restoration needs to be reinterpreted. The goal of mine ecological restoration includes at least three aspects under this new situation:the realization of the self-sustaining ability of the restored ecosystem,the positive succession reaching a new ecological balance,and the sustainable development of regional socio-economy. The basic means to achieve these goals is to focus on self-recovery and combine it with appropriate manual intervention. Thus,in this study,the changes and results of socio-economic and ecological patterns caused by carbon neutrality were analyzed systematically,from the perspective of the realization path of carbon neutrality. The results showed that the DCT would inevitably accelerate the arrival of the post-mining era,and ecological restoration would also be one of the most important tasks in the post-mining era. Moreover,the post-mining era also had the characteristics of longevity,arduousness and complexity. Practically,the destroyed land of mining area could be transformed into other land use types with usable value and reused,with the help of artificial guidance measurements such as land renovation,environmental renovation,industrial transformation,social transformation and landscape reconstruction. However,these measurements would play different roles in the realization of carbon neutrality goal. To promote or achieve this goal,it is considered to extend the measurements of mine ecological restoration,from the aspects of energy substitution,industrial substitution or upgrading,and the ecosystem service or function improvement. Therefore,the role and contribution of different measurements for mine ecological restoration was analyzed in the process of achieving the DCT. The order of contribution was energy substitution > energy saving and emission reduction > carbon sequestration and carbon sinks increasement. Finally,the new path of mine ecological restoration under the background of DCT target was proposed. The contents of new path proposed include ① Update the standards and norms,which may consist of one Directive plus N standards or norms aimed at different objects,different phases and different elements to meet the needs of carbon neutrality goals and improve the pertinence and applicability of the standards;② Reform the management mechanism,explore the policy for the temporary change of land use,clarify the property right of underground space,promote market mechanism for ecological restoration to achieve multimeasures and coordinate the promotion of ecological restoration;③ Innovate the technological system,apply classified policies,zoned control,graded treatment and stepped implementation,therefore,promote adaptive measures for emission reduction and long-term ecological sequestration in the whole process of ecological restoration. 

1 碳中和引发的社会经济与生态格局变化与结果

   1.1 碳中和目标的实现路径

   1.2 碳中和必将加速后矿业时代的到来

   1.3 实现碳中和目标需要拓展矿山生态修复内涵

2 矿山生态修复对实现碳中和目标的作用

   2.1 矿山生态修复的人工引导措施

   2.2 矿山生态修复对实现碳中和目标的作用

3 碳中和背景下矿山生态修复的路径选择

   3.1 更新标准规范，适应碳中和需求

   3.2 改革管理机制，实现多目标协同

   3.3 创新技术体系，推动全过程减排增汇

4 结语