School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Anhui University
State Key Laboratory of Clean andEfficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology

随着全球气候变化的日益严重,CO2的减排控制和资源化利用技术的研究日益受到人们的重视。高碳烯烃是化工生产的重要原料,主要由不可再生的石油资源通过催化裂化等路径合成,然而通过化石资源生产的高碳烯烃,生产能耗较高且原料来源不可再生化。采用可再生绿氢作为还原剂,催化CO2加氢制备高碳烯烃是有一条有前景的催化工艺路径。然而,由于CO2分子较为稳定,加氢过程中的C-O键活化和后续的C-C键的耦合过程都十分具有挑战性。这种串联式的反应过程不可避免的存在活性低、副产物选择性高和催化剂稳定性较差等问题,由于Fe基催化剂在逆水煤气变换反应(RWGS)和费托合成反应(FTS)都具有良好活性,且廉价易得、工艺操作区间广,能够适用于工业应用,可以通过改性来实现特定反应的优化提升。因此,可以利用Fe基催化剂或Fe基复合催化剂对CO2进行催化加氢增值化利用,实现从CO2到高碳烯烃的导向合成。本文主要围绕CO2加氢生产高碳烯烃的工艺路线,从元素掺杂、载体调控、多活性位点构筑和工艺参数优化等多个方面对Fe基或复合基催化剂的研究进展进行了分析,对催化剂的链增长机制及影响高碳烯烃选择性的主要因素进行了论述,为针对研发高效的Fe基催化剂提供参考,并对CO2加氢工业化应用所面临的挑战及解决方法进行了展望。

As global climate change intensifies,increasing attention has been directed towards the research of CO2 emission reductionstrategies and technologies for its resource utilization. High-carbon olefins,serving as crucial raw materials in chemical production,arepredominantly synthesized from non-renewable petroleum resources through processes such as catalytic cracking. However,theproduction of high-carbon olefins from fossil resources is characterized by high energy consumption and reliance on non-renewablefeedstocks. A promising catalytic pathway lies in the hydrogenation of CO2 to produce high-carbon olefins using renewable greenhydrogen as a reductant. Nevertheless,due to the stability of the CO2 molecule,the activation of the C-O bond during hydrogenation andthe subsequent coupling of C-C bonds pose significant challenges. This tandem reaction process inevitably encounters issues such as lowactivity,high selectivity for byproducts,and poor catalyst stability. Iron-based catalysts exhibit favorable activity in both the reverse water-gas shift reaction (RWGS) and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS),combined with their low cost,ease of availability,and wideoperating range,making them suitable for industrial applications. Modification of these catalysts can enhance their performance for specific reactions. Therefore,Fe-based or Fe-based composite catalysts can be utilized for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to high-valueproducts,enabling the directed synthesis of high-carbon olefins from CO2. This paper primarily focuses on the process route for producinghigh-carbon olefins via CO2 hydrogenation,analyzing the research progress in Fe-based or composite catalysts from multipleperspectives,including element doping,support modulation,multi-active site construction,and process parameter optimization. Itdiscusses the chain-growth mechanism of the catalysts and the primary factors influencing the selectivity of high-carbon olefins,providinginsights for the development of efficient Fe-based catalysts. Additionally,the challenges and potential solutions facing the industrialapplication of CO2 hydrogenation are prospected.

省部共建煤基能源清洁高效利用国家重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目(SKL2022010);国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(22102001)

黄杰,艾培培,郭立升,等.铁基催化剂用于CO2加氢制备高碳烯烃的研究进展[J].洁净煤技术,2025,31(1):145−163.

HUANG Jie,AI Peipei,GUO Lisheng,et al. Recent progress about the development of iron-based catalysts for CO2hydrogenation to higher olefins[J].Clean Coal Technology,2025,31(1):145−163.