College of Economics and Management,Qingdao University of Science and Technology
Research Center for Land Use and Eco-logical Security Governance in Mining Areas,China University of Mining and Technology
Engineering Research Center of Ministry ofEducation for Mine Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology

源于不同类型资源配置或要素组合之下所呈现的区域差异性,分区分类、因地制宜是科学实施生态保护修复的题中之义。在新疆,大规模采矿扰动与干旱脆弱生态环境的空间耦合所导致的土地退化问题严峻,而资源禀赋及生态环境差异又决定了不同矿区生态问题及保护修复措施的差异将是一种必然,但尚缺乏保护修复分类方案的理论与实践探索。为此,尝试从“煤炭资源-水资源-自然生态地理(简称CR-WR-PGE)”的不同组合类型出发,对新疆5个煤炭基地所涉及的矿区进行分类,进而提出差异化的生态保护修复策略。结果表明:①基于CR-WR-PGE的定性关联分析,构建了基于空间叠置法的CR-WR-PGE组合类型划分理念及概念模型,提出了包括3个方面、5项指标叠置的简化划分方式。②以5个煤炭基地为例,共划分出69种CR-WR-PGE组合类型,其中准东、吐哈、伊犁、库拜、和丰分别有15、17、25、33、24种不同的组合类型,并较为系统的分析了5个煤炭基地各自组合类型的主要特征。③结合CR-WR-PGE不同组合类型的共性与特性提出了新疆矿区三级分类体系,包括戈壁荒漠矿区、荒漠草原矿区和绿洲矿区3个Ⅰ级类,并细化为6个Ⅱ级类和17个Ⅲ级类。④基于Ⅰ级类划分结果,提出差异化的生态保护修复策略,其中戈壁荒漠矿区可适当放宽对于植被恢复的要求,并重视规模性砾幕层重构;荒漠草原矿区则可通过引导型修复模式,消除或减少人类活动负面扰动来促进土地生态系统要素的自我恢复;绿洲矿区在生态保护方面仍需由政府规划主导,但生态修复方面可允许资本有序注入矿山生态修复领域,探索建立多元市场化修复机制。未来,建议在矿区生态保护修复领域树立CR-WR-PGE组合类型这一新理念,既可为“一矿一策”提供边界和指导,又能为维护区域生态安全提供科学依据。

Regional classification and adapting measures to local conditions were meaningful for the scientific imple-mentation of Ecological Protection and Restoration (EPR). This is due to the regional differences under different typesof resource allocation or element combinations. In Xinjiang Province, land degradation issues caused by the spa-tial coupling of large-scale mining disturbance and arid fragile ecological environment have reached a dramatic condi-tion. However,the vast area determined that the differences in ecological issues and the EPR measures in differ-ent mining areas would be inevitable,but there was a lack of clearly classified solutions currently. To this end,this pa-per attempts to classify the mining areas involved in 5 coal bases in Xinjiang from the different combination types of“Coal Resources, Water Resources with Physical Geography & Ecosystem ( CR - WR - PGE )”. Furthermore,differential strategies for EPR were proposed. Results showed that: ① According to the analysis of CR, WR andPGE,the conceptual model of CR - WR - PGE combination type classification based on spatial overlay methodwere constructed. Then,a simplified division method including 3 aspects and 5 indicators was put forward. ② The5 coal bases were identified and divided into 69 CR-WR-PGE assemblage types. Among them,there are 15,17,25,33 and 24 different combination types in Zhundong,Tuha,Yili,Kubai and Hefeng,respectively. Then the main charac-teristics of the respective combination types of the 5 coal bases were analyzed systematically. ③ According to differentCR-WR-PGE combination types,three Class I mining areas in Xinjiang are further summarized,including Gobi Des-ert Mining Area (GDMA),Desert Steppe Mining Area (DSMA),and Oasis Mining Area a(OMA). And they werefurther divided into 6 number of Class II and 17 number of Class III. ④ The differential strategies of EPR were pro-posed according to the class I. In GDMAs,the requirements for vegetation restoration could be properly relaxed and at-tention should be paid to the reconstruction of large-scale gravel layer. In DSMAs,the guided restoration model couldbe applied to eliminate or reduce the negative disturbance of human activities to promote the self-restoration of land e-cosystem elements. In OMAs,ecological protection still should be controlled by government planning,but social capitalshould be allowed to invest in ecological restoration of mine ecological restoration with proper guidance and build a di-versified market-oriented restoration mechanism. In the future,the new concept of CR-WR-PGE combination typeshould be established in the field of EPR in mining area,which can not only provide boundary and guidance for“one mine-one policy”,but also provide scientific basis for maintaining regional ecological security.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(42301307,U1903209);山东省高等学校优秀青年创新团队资助项目(2023RW025);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023QD020)

于昊辰,张建,韩晓彤,等.新疆煤炭资源-水资源-自然生态地理组合类型划分及生态修复策略[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(2):89-103.

YU Haochen,ZHANG Jian,HAN Xiaotong,et al.Classification and corresponding ecological restoration strategiesfor coal mining areas in Xinjiang by integrating coal resources,water resources with physical geography & eco-system[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(2):89-103.