School of Energy and Environment,Southeast University
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministryof Education,Southeast University

化学链燃烧是一种新型的燃料转化技术,利用载氧体在气固相之间传递氧原子,实现了燃料的高效燃烧和CO2的原位分离。该技术的核心在于载氧体和反应器的高效设计。然而,面临的挑战包括载氧体的反应活性低,易于烧结失活;反应器与燃料的耦合匹配难度大,装置的优化设计与工业放大技术尚未成熟。鉴于此,综述了化学链燃烧中载氧体和反应器的设计与应用的研究进展。首先,综述了当前载氧体的研究现状和设计理念,单金属氧化物制备流程短、高温反应活性高,但其在长期高温反应中的稳定性受限;多元复合金属氧化物借助金属间的协同作用,优化了载氧体的抗烧结能力,显著改善了载氧体的反应活性和长周期循环稳定性;采用工业废物作为载氧体显示出了环境和经济双重价值;液态载氧体具有良好的高温适应性和流动混合特性,但面临着成本和稳定性的挑战。其次,详细介绍了化学链燃烧反应装置的研究现状,对比了流化床、固定床和旋转床反应器的工作原理、优势和不足,分析它们对于燃料类型、反应条件的适应性以及转化特性。流化床反应器具有良好的传热和传质特性,同时也对载氧体的物理性能要求较高;固定床反应器结构简单,但在大规模应用中传热效率受到限制;旋转床反应器能够较好的结合系统的灵活性和效率。最后,对载氧体和反应器的开发设计进行分析和展望,以期为后续化学链燃烧技术的优化设计和工程示范提供参考。

Chemical looping combustion is a novel fuel conversion technology that utilizes oxygen carriers to transferoxygen between the gas and solid to achieve efficient fuel combustion and in-situ CO2 separation. The core of the tech-nology lies in the efficient design of oxygen carriers and reactors. However,the challenges include the low reactivity ofoxygen carriers,which is easy to deactivation by sintering;the difficulty in coupling of the reactor and the fuel,and theoptimized design and the industrial scale-up technology are not yet mature. Under such context,this paper reviews theresearch progress on the design and application of oxygen carriers and reactors in chemical looping combustion.Firstly,the current research status and design concepts of oxygen carriers are reviewed. Single metal oxides have ashort preparation process and satisfactory high-temperature reactivity,but the stability is limited;multi-composite metaloxides optimize the anti-sintering ability by virtue of intermetallic synergistic effect,which significantly improves thereactivity and cyclic stability of the material. The use of industrial waste as an oxygen carrier shows both environmentaland economic value;liquid carriers exhibit good high-temperature adaptability and mixing characteristics,but face costand stability problems. Secondly,the research status of chemical looping combustion reaction device is introducedin detail,comparing the working principles,advantages and shortcomings of fluidized bed,fixed bed and rotating bedreactors,showing their adaptability to fuel type,reaction conditions and conversion characteristics. Fluidized bed reac-tors have good heat and mass transfer characteristics,but also require high physical properties of oxygen carriers. Fixedbed reactors are simple in structure,but heat transfer efficiency is limited in large-scale applications. Rotating bed re-actors are able to better combine the flexibility and efficiency of the system. Finally,the development and design of ox-ygen carrier and reactor are analyzed and outlooked to provide a basis for the subsequent chemical looping combus-tion technology to provide certain reference for the optimized design and engineering demonstration of the subse-quent chemical looping combustion technology.

国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52276105)

刘通,王辰,宋毅文,等.化学链燃烧减排二氧化碳技术展望[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(2):104-118.

LIU Tong,WANG Chen,SONG Yiwen,et al.Research on chemical looping combustion technology[ J].Journalof Green Mine,2024,2(2):104-118.