富油煤作为一种集煤、油、气为一体的特殊非常规油气资源，通过原位热解可转化为高附加值焦油、可燃气及半焦固体燃料等，具有解决传统煤炭工业发展过程中绿色开发、清洁低碳利用难题的潜力。在减少煤炭开采污染、提高能效利用等方面，为碳达峰碳中和(“双碳”)目标的实现提供了新的解决方案，也为我国寻求油气资源战略依赖突围提供了重要路径参考。然而，目前国内富油煤地下原位热解的研究仅限于少数先导性试验研究，对于富油煤原位热解的地质环境影响研究与全生命周期地质保障技术探索亟待开展。

基于富油煤开发原位热解的地质环境扰动响应特征，重点探讨了富油煤原位热解对热解区岩体变质、覆岩损伤变形、地下水扰动、地表沉降及地表生态环境等方面的影响，总结了富油煤原位热解地质条件评价与过程监测主要内容和测试技术，梳理了富油煤原位热解地质保障面临的挑战。同时，结合理论研究、技术方法、感测装备、传感单元、数据解译、多源信息融合和工程实践等内容认识，提出了构建富油煤原位热解地质保障技术体系的思考。

分析认为，在富油煤原位热解的新型资源转化利用模式条件下，迫切需要研发与之相匹配的地质保障技术，制定完整的开发、设计、施工、评价方法和标准，以规范和引导富油煤热解技术的发展与应用。此外，还需要在充分挖掘和利用富油煤油气资源固有优势的基础上，积极推动富油煤清洁利用技术的研发创新、安全生产标准的提升以及生态环境保护的深度融合，为煤炭工业实现绿色转型和高效可持续发展提供全面的战略对策与保障。

Tar-rich coal, a type of unique unconventional oil and gas resource that integrates coal, oil, and gas, can be transformed into tar, combustible gases, and semi-coke solid fuels with high added value through in-situ pyrolysis. Therefore, the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal has the potential to meet the challenges in achieving the green exploitation and clean, low-carbon utilization of coals in the traditional coal industry. Furthermore, in terms of how to reduce coal pollution emissions and enhance energy efficiency, this technology offers a new solution for attaining the goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. It also represents an important reference for China to make a breakthrough in strategic dependence in terms of oil and gas resources. However, merely limited pioneering experimental studies have been conducted on the in-situ underground pyrolysis of tar-rich coal in China. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct research on the responses of geological environments to the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal and to explore comprehensive, life-cycle geological guarantee technologies.

Based on the characteristics of disturbance to geological environments as their responses to the in-situ pyrolysis, this study highlighted the effects of the in-situ pyrolysis on rock mass metamorphism, the damage and deformations of overburden, disturbance to groundwater, surface subsidence, and surface ecosystem within the pyrolysis zone. A summary was given on the primary aspects and testing techniques for the geological condition assessment and process monitoring for the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal, presenting the challenges in the geological guarantees for the in-situ pyrolysis. By integrating insights into theoretical research, technical methods, sensing devices and units, data interpretation, multi-source information fusion, and practical engineering, this study presented reflections on the construction of a geological guarantee technology system for the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal.

This study concludes that under the novel resource transformation and utilization model—the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal, there is an urgent need to develop supported geological guarantee technologies, as well as comprehensive methods and standards for the development, design, construction, and evaluation of the technologies, with the purpose of normalizing and guiding the development and applications of technologies for the tar-rich pyrolysis of tar-rich coal. Additionally, it is necessary to actively promote innovations in R&D of technologies for the clean utilization of tar-rich coal, as well as enhancing relevant safety production standards and driving the profound integration with ecological protection measures. These efforts are aimed at providing comprehensive strategic countermeasures and guarantees for the green transformation and efficient, sustainable development of the coal industry.