煤炭在我国的主体能源地位短期内难以发生改变，是我国能源发展的兜底保障。煤炭资源大规模、高强度的开采损害煤矿区地质环境，同时导致突水、冲击地压等灾害。

围绕煤矿安全高效开采面临的地质环境损害预测预警难和减损开采保障压力大等难题，基于煤炭采动损害预测与减损地质保障多学科交叉特点，突出地质条件的控灾机理和采动致灾模式，强调煤炭开采模式与地质结构演化全时空多场响应，分析采动效应下地质条件物质场、能量场、信息场的耦合机制，厘清损害模式和预警信息关键参量的映射关系，形成安全高效开采的地质保障策略和减损控灾工程技术体系。

研究思路为“孕灾环境→损害机制→过程响应→损害预测→防灾减损”，技术路线是“煤矿开采地质环境条件→地质结构演化规律及损害模式→多物理场演化全时空信息响应→损害监测及预测预警→减损保障工程技术”。核心内容包括：(1) 剖析地质条件与致灾地质体的空间关系和成因联系，构建高精度的三维地质力学模型，阐明地质结构、开采条件和损害模式的映射关系，建立主控要素的特征参量数据库；(2) 构建采动效应下的工程地质力学模型，研究开采方式、空间布局、采动速率等影响下地质条件结构的时空演化特征和损害机制，提出考虑地质体关键结构破坏演化规律的损害模式判识方法；(3) 获取采动过程地质结构演化背景下的全时空多源信息响应，提出主控参量作用下的损害模式识别标准，进而厘清裂隙场、应力场、渗流场与地球物理场信息参量的镜像关系，建立基于地质条件物质场、能量场和信息场耦合响应的全时空信息映射模型；(4) 构建地面−钻孔−井下的全空间、多方位、主被动的一体化多源监测体系，提出煤矿采动损害预测模型和预报方法；(5) 构建基于损害源、损害模式、损害动力、损害通道剖析以及减损技术与效果评价于一体的减损控灾体系，追求煤炭安全开采与地质环境保护协调发展，破解资源开发与地质环境制约之间的矛盾，为煤矿安全高效开采和防灾减损提供地质、力学、物理基础的科学依据。

Coals, as the main energy in China for the long term, secure the basic needs for energy development in China. However, large-scale, intense coal mining damages the geologic environment of coal mining areas, as well as inducing hazards such as water inrushes and rock bursts.

To overcome the challenges in geological security through the prediction and early warning of damage to geologic environments and damage-reducing mining faced by safe, efficient coal mining, this study, based on the interdisciplinary characteristics of the geological security, highlighted the hazard control mechanisms and mining-inducing hazard patterns of geological conditions, underscored the whole-space-time multi-field responses of coal mining modes and geological structural evolution, analyzed the coupling mechanism of the material field, energy field, and information field of geological conditions under the mining effect, ascertained the mapping relationship between the damage pattern and the key parameters of early-warning information, and developed safe and efficient geological security strategies and an engineering technical system for damage reduction and hazard control.

The research philosophy involves hazard-inducing environments, damage mechanisms, process response, damage prediction, and hazard prevention and damage reduction sequentially. The technical route comprises geologic environmental conditions of coal mining; the evolution laws and damage patterns of geological structures; whole-space-time information responses of multi-physical field evolution; damage monitoring, prediction, and warning; and damage-reducing security engineering technologies. Core contents are as follows: (1) Analyzing the spatial and genetic relationships between geological conditions and typical hazard-inducing geological bodies, constructing high-precision three-dimensional geomechanical models, ascertaining the mapping relationship between geological structures, mining conditions, and damage patterns, and establishing a database of characteristic parameters for major control elements. (2) Constructing an engineering geomechanical model under the mining effect, investigating the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics and damage mechanisms of geological conditions and structures under the influence of the methods, spatial layout, and mining rate of coal mining, and proposing methods for damage pattern identification that consider the evolutionary laws of critical structural failures of geological bodies. (3) Obtaining the whole-space-time multi-source information responses in the context of geological structural evolution during coal mining, proposing the criteria for damage pattern identification under the action of major control parameters, further clarifying the mirror-image relationships of the fissure field, stress field, and seepage field with the information parameters of geophysical fields, and establishing a whole-space-time information mapping model based on the coupling responses of the material field, energy field, and information field of geological conditions. (4) Building a whole-space multifaceted, active and passive integrated multi-source monitoring system involving the ground, boreholes, and underground space and proposing a prediction model and prediction methods for mining-induced hazards in coal mines. (5) Developing a damage-reducing and hazard control system that integrates the analyses of damage sources, patterns, dynamics, and channels, as well as damage-reducing technologies and their performance evaluation. The purpose of this study is to pursue the coordinated development of safe coal mining and geologic environment protection, resolve the conflict between resource development and geologic environmental constraints, and provide a scientific basis for safe and efficient coal mining, hazard prevention, and damage reduction based on geology, mechanics, and physics.