人类利用能源的趋势是从高碳高污染非可再生能源向低碳清洁可再生能源转化，在这个过程中，以天然气、风电、太阳能、氢能为代表的低碳清洁能源需要耦合深部地下储存空间来抵消其地域性和不稳定性的缺点，此外，像CO₂地质封存这样的低碳、零碳技术也需要利用深部地下储存空间来实现，因此，研究低碳背景下深部地下储存空间利用理论、技术及前景，对我国未来深部地下储存空间的高效利用具有重要的指导作用。

在调研国外深部地下储存空间类型及利用历史基础上，结合我国深部地下储存空间利用现状，划分深部地下储存空间利用的历史阶段，概括了深部地下储存空间多元化利用方向及现状，总结了利用深部地下储存空间建设地下储集设施的理论及技术现状，分析了我国在地下储集设施建设方面的理论及技术贡献，剖析了我国利用深部地下储存空间利用的问题和对策。

总体来看，人类利用深部地下储存空间的历史已有110 a，主要经历3个阶段：初期发展阶段(1915—1945年)、快速发展阶段(1946—1998年)、中国追赶到同步发展阶段(1999年至今)。我国大规模化利用深部地下储存空间的历史短，但在层状盐岩型储库及煤炭地下水库建设理论和技术方面，具有世界独创性和领先性，并发展了复杂地质条件下储气库建设理论和技术。目前我国建成的地下储集设施数量少、类型单一、应用场景单一，还没有建成含水层型储气库，在盐穴储氢、储氦、储油以及咸水层CO₂地质封存等方面还需要加强理论和技术攻关，在深部地下储存空间资源分配方面需要加强政府顶层设计及各部门协同。在“双碳”目标愿景下，我国深部地下储存空间发展前景广阔，地下储库将是我国大规模发展天然气、风光电、绿氢、碳埋存等产业的重要配套设施，未来地下储集设施建设行业具有千亿级别的产业规模，具有催生新技术及新产业的潜力，也是新质生产力发展的重要产业创新点。

The world's energy utilization has shifted from high-carbon, high-polluting, non-renewable energy to low-carbon, clean, renewable energy. In this process, the utilization of low-carbon, clean energy typified by natural gas, wind power, solar energy, and hydrogen energy needs to be coupled with deep underground storage space (DUSS) to offset their regional constraints and instability. Additionally, low- and zero-carbon technologies like carbon dioxide (CO₂) geological storage also rely on DUSS. Therefore, investigating the theories, technologies, and prospects of DUSS utilization under the low-carbon background will provide significant guidance for efficient DUSS utilization in China.

Based on the investigation into the types and utilization history of global DUSS, as well as the current status of DUSS utilization in China, this study determined the historical stages of global DUSS utilization and provided a summary of the orientations and current status of diversified DUSS utilization, as well as the theoretical and technical status of the construction of underground storage facilities based on DUSS. Furthermore, this study analyzed China's theoretical and technical contributions to the construction of underground storage facilities, along with China's challenges and countermeasures in DUSS utilization.

Generally, the DUSS utilization has been conducted for about 110 years, including three major stages: the initial development stage (1915‒1945), the rapid development stage (1946‒1998), and China's catch and synchronous development stage (1999‒the present). Despite a short history of large-scale DUSS utilization, China holds the originality and leadership of the theories and technologies for the construction of layered salt rock reservoirs and underground water reservoirs in coal mines. Moreover, China has developed the theories and technologies for constructing underground gas storage (UGS) facilities under complex geologic conditions. At present, China holds only limited completed underground storage facilities with single types and application scenarios, lacking completed UGS facilities in aquifers. It is necessary to put more effort into achieving theoretical and technical breakthroughs in hydrogen, helium, and oil storage in salt caverns, as well as CO₂ geological storage in saline aquifers. Besides, the resource allocation for DUSS requires enhanced top-level design by the Chinese government and the coordination of various departments. To reach the goals of carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions, the DUSS utilization in China holds promising prospects. Underground storage facilities will provide significant support for the large-scale development of industries including natural gas, wind and solar power, green hydrogen, and carbon sequestration in China. The construction of underground storage facilities will reach a 100-billion industrial scale, holding the potential for fostering new technologies and industries and representing significant industrial innovation points for the development of new quality productive forces.