| Boudouard |
\( \begin{gathered}\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{CO}_2 \leftrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}\;(\mathrm{R} 1) \\\Delta H=172.46 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{gathered} \) |
\(\begin{gathered}r_{\mathrm{f} 1}=1.272 m_{\mathrm{p}} T_{\mathrm{p}} \exp \left(\frac{-22\;645}{T_{\mathrm{p}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{CO}_2\right] \\r_{\mathrm{r} 1}=1.044 \times 10^{-4} m_{\mathrm{p}} T_{\mathrm{p}}^2 \exp \left(\frac{-2\;363}{T_{\mathrm{p}}}-20.92\right)[\mathrm{CO}]^2\end{gathered} \) |
| 水煤气反应 |
\( \begin{aligned}&\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{CO}+\mathrm{H}_2\;(\mathrm{R} 2)\\&\Delta H=131.29 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{aligned}\) |
\( \begin{gathered}r_{\mathrm{f} 2}=1.272 m_{\mathrm{p}} T_{\mathrm{p}} \exp \left(\frac{-22\;645}{T_{\mathrm{p}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right] \\r_{\mathrm{r} 2}=1.044 \times 10^{-4} m_{\mathrm{p}} T_{\mathrm{p}}^2 \exp \left(\frac{-6\;319}{T_{\mathrm{p}}}-17.29\right)\left[\mathrm{H}_2\right][\mathrm{CO}]\end{gathered}\) |
| 加氢气化 |
\( \begin{gathered}\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \leftrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_4\;(\mathrm{R} 3) \\\Delta H=-74.87 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{gathered} \) |
\( \begin{aligned}& r_{\mathrm{f} 3}=1.368 \times 10^{-3} m_{\mathrm{p}} T_{\mathrm{p}} \exp \left(\frac{-8\;078}{T_{\mathrm{p}}}-7.087\right)\left[\mathrm{H}_2\right] \\& r_{\mathrm{r} 3}=0.151 m_{\mathrm{p}} T_{\mathrm{p}}^{0.5} \exp \left(\frac{-13\;578}{T_{\mathrm{p}}}-0.372\right)\left[\mathrm{CH}_4\right]^{0.5}\end{aligned}\) |
| 甲烷蒸汽重整 |
\( \begin{gathered}\mathrm{CH}_4+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{CO}+3 \mathrm{H}_2 \;\text { (R4) } \\\Delta H=205.8 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{gathered}\) |
\(\begin{aligned}& r_{\mathrm{f} 4}=3 \times 10^5 \exp \left(\frac{-15\;035}{T_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right]\left[\mathrm{CH}_4\right] \\& r_{\mathrm{r} 4}=0.026\;5 \exp \left(\frac{-32\;900}{T_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)[\mathrm{CO}]\left[\mathrm{H}_2\right]^2\end{aligned} \) |
| 水煤气变换 |
\(\begin{array}{r}\mathrm{CO}+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2+\mathrm{H}_2\;(\mathrm{R} 5)\\\Delta H=-41.17 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{array} \) |
\( \begin{gathered}r_{\mathrm{f5}}=7.68 \times 10^{10} \exp \left(\frac{-36\;642}{T_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right][\mathrm{CO}]^{0.5} \\r_{\mathrm{r} 5}=6.4 \times 10^9 \exp \left(\frac{-39\;262}{T_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{H}_2\right]^{0.5}\left[\mathrm{CO}_2\right]\end{gathered}\) |
| 氧化 |
\(\begin{aligned}& \mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 \;\text { (R6) } \\& \Delta H=-393.77 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{aligned}\) |
\( r_6=4.34 \times 10^7 \alpha_{\mathrm{c}} T_{\mathrm{p}} \exp \left(\dfrac{-13\;590}{T_{\mathrm{p}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{O}_2\right]\) |
| \( \begin{aligned}& \mathrm{H}_2+0.5 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\;(\mathrm{R} 7) \\& \Delta H=-241.82 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{aligned}\) |
\( r_7=1.63 \times 10^{11} T_{\mathrm{g}}^{-1.5} \exp \left(\dfrac{-3\;430}{T_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{H}_2\right]\left[\mathrm{O}_2\right]^{1.5} \) |
| \( \begin{gathered}\mathrm{CO}+0.5 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 \;\text { (R8) } \\\Delta H=-283.24 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{gathered} \) |
\( r_8=5.62 \times 10^{12} \exp \left(\dfrac{-16\;001}{T_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)[\mathrm{CO}]\left[\mathrm{O}_2\right]^{0.5}\) |
| \( \begin{gathered}\mathrm{CH}_4+2 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\;(\mathrm{R} 9) \\\Delta H=-802.28 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{gathered} \) |
\( r_9=3.554 \times 10^{11} \exp \left(\dfrac{-15\;700}{T_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{O}_2\right]\left[\mathrm{CH}_4\right]\) |
| \( \begin{gathered}\mathrm{NH}_3+1.25 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}+1.5 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\;(\mathrm{R} 10) \\\Delta H=-227 \;\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{gathered}\) |
\( r_{10}=2.73 \times 10^{14} \exp \left(\dfrac{-38\;160}{T_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)\left[\mathrm{O}_2\right]\left[\mathrm{NH}_3\right] \) |
