与镜质体和类脂体相比，惰质体具有明显的惰性，特别是在碳化过程中其惰性更为明显。惰质体的定义和分类是“ICCP system 1994”的重要组成部分。在“ICCP system 1994”中，惰质体包含7种显微组分，不包含亚组。这7种显微组分包括丝质体、半丝质体、真菌体、分泌体、粗粒体、微粒体和惰质碎屑体;前3者保存细胞的结构，分泌体、粗粒体、微粒体没有保存植物的细胞结构。对于具有结构的惰质体显微组分，只有那些具有高反射率的组织细胞壁才能鉴定为惰质体的组分。该分类方案有2个突出特点：① 真菌体和分泌体替代了旧分类方案中的菌类体;② 重新定义了显微组分粗粒体，以便使其与分泌体之间有清晰的分辨界限。真菌体仅包括真菌的遗骸;虽然分泌体和真菌菌核的光学性质近似，但前者实际上是氧化后又经历了煤化作用的植物分泌物。惰质体其他显微组分和旧分类方案(即Stopes Heerlen烟煤显微组分分类方案)没有太大区别。“ICCP system 1994”和国家标准《烟煤显微组分分类》相比，2者之间的显微组分是相互对应的，但是后者多了显微亚组分(即丝质体分为火焚和氧化丝质体;粗粒体分为粗粒体1和粗粒体2)。对煤中丝质体属于火焚成因还是氧化成因或者其他成因，尚存在不同的认识。不同于镜质体的分类适于中阶煤和高阶煤，惰质体的分类适用于从泥炭到变无烟煤整个煤化作用阶段。

In comparison with vitrinite and liptinite,inertinite is characterized by its inert properties,especially during the carbonization process.The definition and classification of inertinite are the important components of the “ICCP system 1994”.In the classification (ICCP system 1994),the inertinite contains seven macerals and does not contain subgroups.These seven macerals include fusinite,semifusinite,funginite,secretinite,macrinite,micrinite,and inertodetrinite.The former three macerals preserve cell structures,but secretinite,macrinite,and macrinite do not have cell structures.Only those cell walls with high reflectance in the macerals with cell strcures can be identified as inertinite macerals.Two noticeable features of this classification are:① sclerotinite in the former classification was replaced by funginite and secretinite,and ② macrinite has been redefined to show a clear distinction between secretinite and macrinite.Funginite consists of fungal remains only.Although secretinite has similar optical characteristics with fungal sclerotia,it was derived from plant excretions,which have been subjected to oxidization,followed by coalification.The definition of other inertinite macerals in ICCP system 1994 remain largely unchanged with those in the old Stopes Heerlen Classification.The macerals in “ICCP system 1994” correspond to those in the Chinese National Standard “Classification of Macerals for Bituminous Coal”,but the latter contains some submacerals(fusinite was divided into pyrofusinite and oxyfusinite,and macrinite was divided into macrinite 1 and macrinite 2).The origins of fusinite,i.e.,fire,oxidation,or other derivations,remain controversial.Unlike the vitrinite classification suitable for middle-and high-rank coals,the classification of inertinite is suitable for the coals with a full coal rank,i.e.,from peat to meta-anthracite.

1 惰质体(Inertinite)概述

   1.1 惰质体的定义和分类

   1.2 惰质体的物理和化学性质

   1.3 惰质体的物质来源和分布

   1.4 惰质体的应用

2 丝质体(Fusinite)

   2.1 丝质体的术语来源和定义

   2.2 丝质体的物理和化学性质

   2.3 丝质体的物质来源

   2.4 丝质体的分布和应用

3 半丝质体(Semifusinite)

   3.1 半丝质体的术语来源和定义

   3.2 半丝质体的物理和化学性质

   3.3 半丝质体的物质来源

   3.4 半丝质体的分布和应用

4 真菌体(Funginite)

  4.1 真菌体的术语来源和定义

  4.2 真菌体的物理和化学性质

  4.3 真菌体的来源、分布和应用

5 分泌体(Secretinite)

  5.1 分泌体的术语起源和定义

  5.2 分泌体的物理和化学性质

  5.3 分泌体的来源、分布和应用

6 粗粒体(Macrinite)

  6.1 粗粒体的术语起源和定义

  6.2 粗粒体的物理和化学性质

  6.3 粗粒体的物质来源、分布和应用

7 微粒体(Micrinite)

  7.1 微粒体的术语起源和定义

  7.2 微粒体的物理和化学性质

  7.3 微粒体的物质来源

  7.4 微粒体的分布和应用

8 惰质碎屑体(Inertodetrinite)

  8.1 惰质碎屑体术语起源和定义

  8.2 惰质碎屑体的物理和化学性质

  8.3 惰质碎屑体的物质来源

  8.4 惰质碎屑体的分布和应用

9 结语