煤炭脱水是湿法选煤不可缺少的一个环节，而离心脱水机是煤炭脱水的常用设备。文章简述了离心脱水机的分类，并重点介绍了立式刮刀卸料离心脱水机、卧式振动卸料离心脱水机、卧式刮刀卸料离心脱水机和卧式沉降过滤式离心脱水机的发展历程。立式刮刀卸料离心脱水机主要用于13～0.5 mm末煤脱水和 < 3 mm粗煤泥脱水，目前最大机型筛篮直径为1 400 mm，以其煤质适应性强、脱水效果好、可靠性高等优点，是诸多选煤厂的首选机型；针对易损件多且使用寿命短的问题，近几年研究主要集中在提高易损件的寿命、降低使用成本和智能监控方面。卧式振动卸料离心脱水机主要用于选煤厂50～0.5 mm块末煤脱水，易损件少、处理能力大，该机已由单质体振动发展为双质体振动，最大机型筛篮直径为1 600 mm，设备稳定可靠，彻底解决了漏油、开裂等问题；自主研发的卧式振动卸料离心脱水机智能监控系统已实现了设备状态实时监测和故障预警。卧式刮刀卸料离心脱水机主要用于 < 3 mm粗煤泥脱水，目前最大机型为WLL1300，采用新型的结构形式，易损件更换简便，排料顺畅，大幅提升了单机处理能力。卧式沉降过滤式离心脱水机主要用于 < 0.5 mm细煤泥脱水，发展至今单机处理能力最大的机型为WLG1600×2400，该机通过改进排料系统的结构，解决了脱水产物溜槽易堵塞等问题，延长了螺旋和筛网寿命，提高了差速器可靠性。最后，对国产离心脱水机未来的发展提出了展望：研制大型的卧式振动离心脱水机和立式刮刀卸料离心脱水机，顺应选煤厂日益大型化的需求；着力发展立式刮刀卸料离心脱水机，增大处理能力，提高运行可靠性；重点发展兼具沉降和过滤的卧式沉降过滤式离心脱水机，解决易损件更换和维修困难等问题；提高离心脱水机智能化水平，实现无人值守。

Coal dewatering is an indispensable link in the process of wet cleaning of coal, and what are commonly used for this purpose are centrifuges. The paper presents an introduction to the categories of centrifuges, particularly the course of development of the vertical scraper discharge, horizontal vibrational discharge, horizontal scraper discharge, and screen-bowl versions. The vertical scraper discharge centrifuge with its basket up to 1400 mm in diameter right now is principally suitable for dewatering of 13～0.5 mm small coal and < 3 mm coarse-grained slime. This version remains the coal preparation plant′s first choice for its special features of high adaptability to variation of coal properties, good working performance and reliability. The shortcomings of the centrifuge is short service life for its use of a number of quick-wear parts. The research work that has been made in recent years is focused on the method for extending the service life of wear parts, reduction of operating cost and realization of intelligent monitoring and control. The horizontal vibrational discharge centrifuge is mainly used for dewatering of the 50～0.5 mm coarse coal. The maximum diameter of the basket of the largest version is 1600 mm. It features the use of few wear parts and is high in both capacity and reliability. Through incessant development, this type of centrifuge has shifted from a single-mass to a double-mass vibration mode, and the troubles of leak of oil and cracking of supports have been thoroughly eliminated. The horizontal vibrational discharge centrifuge can work with an intelligent monitoring and control system which is capable of performing real-time monitoring of operating state of the centrifuge and issuing early warning of fault. The horizontal scraper discharge centrifuge is mainly used for dewatering of < 3 mm coarse slime.The WLL1300 centrifuge, the largest of its kind, is developed. The centrifuge features a novel structural design which facilitates replacement of wear parts and smooth discharge, making it possible to dramatically increase the capacity of the centrifuge. The horizontal screen-bowl centrifuge is mostly used for dewatering of < 0.5 mm fine coal. The WLG1600×2400 version is now the largest one in terms of capacity. Through improvement of structure of its discharge systems, the trouble of blocking of discharge chute is eliminated, the service life of screw conveyor and screen mesh is extended, and the reliability of different motor mechanism is enhanced. Lastly, the co-authors look ahead to the future development of China-made centrifuges, and points out that large-size and high-capacity horizontal vibrational discharge and vertical scraper discharge centrifuges should be developed to meet the needs of the coal preparation plants which are growing increasingly large in scale; efforts need to be made to the development of vertical scraper discharge centrifuge and to increase its capacity and operating reliability; special endeavors ought to be directed to the development of the screen-bowl centrifuge and addressing of the difficulties in replacement of worn-out parts and maintenance; and the intelligent level of centrifuges needs to be enhanced for enabling them to operate in an unattended manner.