Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in theYangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science andEngineering, Tongji University

饮用水安全保障是重要的民生工程,事关人民群众身体健康和社会稳定。随着我国社会经济的快速发展和生活水平的不断提高,居民对饮用水品质的要求也在不断上升。因此,进一步推动饮用水品质提升,建立高质量供水体系,已成为我国供水行业实现高质量发展的重要内容。从我国居民饮用水事业发展现状出发,系统分析了市政高品质饮用水建设发展趋势,以及水质保障技术、质量控制体系、综合管控平台和服务体系的现实需求。重点阐述了在提升饮用水品质过程中,需特别关注的水质潜在生物风险、新型化学风险、复杂感官性状问题以及全球气候变化等关键挑战。基于此,提出了以标准体系建设、基础设施升级改造和智慧赋能管理为核心的综合解决路径。通过构建覆盖“水源-水厂-管网-二次供水-龙头”的全流程水质保障体系,能够有效应对当前供水系统所面临的潜在水质风险,从而实现高品质饮用水的安全供给。

Ensuring drinking water safety is critical to public welfare, directly impacting public healthand social stability. In China, rapid economic development and continuous improvement of livingstandards have led to an increasing demand for high-quality drinking water. This article systematicallyexamines the current state of China′s drinking water industry, identifies major challenges, and explorespotential solutions to improve water quality and establish high-quality water supply systems alignedwith the country′s development goals. China′s drinking water supply systems have made significantprogress over the past decade: Urban water supply coverage has reached 99.43%, and the overall waterquality compliance rate has increased from 52.8% in 2009 to over 96.0% in urban areas. Despite theseadvancements, several key challenges remain that hinder the establishment of a sustainable, high-qualitywater supply system. One primary challenge is biological risks, including chlorine-resistantmicroorganisms and antibiotic-resistant genes. These pathogens thrive in distribution systems,Energy Environmental Protectionparticularly within biofilms, which protect them from standard disinfection methods. Emergingchemical risks, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), present further complications.PFAS are widely distributed, persist in the environment, and pose serious health risks, yet conventionalwater treatment technologies show limited effectiveness, with some municipal plants achieving lessthan 20% removal efficiency. Additionally, there are complex aesthetic issues, such as turbidity, tasteand odor problems, often resulting from aging infrastructure and biofilm formation. These issues arecompounded by climate change, exacerbating risks to water quality through extreme weather eventssuch as floods, droughts, and rising temperatures. These factors make it even more difficult to maintainstable and safe drinking water quality. To address these challenges, a comprehensive approach isnecessary, focusing on improving water quality standards, upgrading technologies, and integratingsmart management practices. A key recommendation is the construction of a whole-process waterquality assurance system that encompasses the entire water supply chain: From the source, through thetreatment plant, distribution networks, and secondary supply, to the tap. Technological advancements,such as ultraviolet oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, and membrane filtration, should be prioritizedto effectively remove emerging contaminants like PFAS and minimize the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Infrastructure improvements, including the use of corrosion-resistant materials,advanced pipeline cleaning techniques, and intelligent monitoring systems, are essential to reduce risksassociated with aging infrastructure and biofilm formation. Additionally, the integration of real-timemonitoring, data analytics, and machine learning technologies can facilitate proactive water qualitymanagement, ensuring that water systems can adapt to dynamic challenges and maintain safe drinkingwater standards. These efforts will promote the goal of providing safe, high-quality drinking water to allhouseholds, improving public health, and contributing to China′s sustainable development.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52470013,52270010)

曾超,张天阳,何欢,等.市政饮用水品质提升关键问题与发展路径分析[J].能源环境保护,2025,39(1):1−10.

ZENG Chao, ZHANG Tianyang, HE Huan, et al. Key Challenges and Strategic Pathways for ImprovingMunicipal Drinking Water Quality[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2025, 39(1): 1−10.