在国家“双碳”目标的背景下,藻菌共生系统(Microalgal-BacterialConsortium,MBC)作为一种新兴的污水处理技术,凭借其低碳资源回收与高附加值生物质生产的独特优势,逐渐成为污水处理领域的研究热点。MBC通过微藻和细菌之间的相互作用,共同作用于污水中的污染物,将其转化为可再生能源和有价值的生物质产品,实现了污水处理和资源回收的双重目标。这一过程符合绿色环保的发展理念,为可持续发展提供了可行的技术路径。尽管MBC技术在污水处理和资源回收方面表现出了显著优势,其实际应用仍面临一定的挑战。MBC的理化特性和生物活性受到多种因素的影响,尤其是污水水质的波动以及温度、光照强度、pH等环境因子的变化。这些因素可能导致MBC系统的处理性能出现不稳定,从而限制其在大规模应用中的推广效果和实际应用价值。因此,深入探讨和理解MBC系统中微生物之间的共生机制,以及外界环境对其系统性能的影响,是解决这一问题的关键。为了提高MBC系统的处理效率和稳定性,对比分析了MBC与原位MBC技术的基本原理、培养方法及其运行特点,探讨了微藻与细菌之间的相互作用模式,并分析了生态因子在系统运行中的影响机制。此外,总结了当前MBC系统常见的系统模式,讨论了不同模式的优缺点及其适用性。在工程应用方面,详细回顾了MBC污水处理技术的研究进展,结合全球范围内MBC技术的中试和工程规模应用实例,分析了实际运行中的分布特点和培养类型。通过对多个国家和地区的应用案例进行比较,揭示了MBC技术在实际运行中面临的技术瓶颈,并探讨了未来需要突破的关键技术问题。最后,展望了MBC技术未来的研究方向和应用前景,提出了进一步推动该技术规模化应用的必要性和可行性,并对MBC系统在可持续污水处理中的现状和未来潜力进行了全面分析,为MBC的实际应用提供理论依据。

In  the  context  of  the  national  "dual  carbon"  target,  the  microalgal-bacterial  consortium(MBC) system has emerged as a promising wastewater treatment technology. Leveraging its distinctiveEnergy Environmental Protectionadvantages in low-carbon resource recovery and high-value biomass production, MBC is increasinglybecoming a focal point of research in the wastewater treatment sector. By harnessing these interactionsbetween  microalgae  and  bacteria,  MBC  collaboratively  targets  pollutants  in  wastewater,  convertingthem  into  renewable  energy  and  valuable  biomass  products,  thereby  fulfilling  the  dual  objectives  ofwastewater treatment and resource recovery. This process not only aligns with these principles of greenand  environmentally  friendly  development  but  also  provides  a  viable  technological  pathway  forsustainable development. However, despite these notable benefits of MBC technology in wastewatertreatment  and  resource  recovery,  its  practical  application  encounters  several  challenges.  Thephysicochemical properties and biological activities of MBC are affected by various factors, particularlyfluctuations in wastewater quality and changes in environmental conditions such as temperature, lightintensity, and pH levels. These factors can result in instability in the treatment performance of MBCsystems, thereby restricting the widespread adoption and practical efficacy of this technology on a largescale. Consequently, it is essential to thoroughly investigate and understand the symbiotic mechanismsamong  microorganisms  within  the  MBC  system,  as  well  as  the  influence  of  external  environmentalfactors on its system performance. To enhance the efficiency and stability of MBC systems, this reviewconducts  a  comparative  analysis  of  the  fundamental  principles,  cultivation  methods,  and  operationalcharacteristics of MBC and indigenous MBC technologies. It explores the interaction patterns betweenmicroalgae  and  bacteria  and  examines  the  mechanisms  by  which  ecological  factors  impact  systemoperations. Furthermore, this review summarizes the prevalent system models of current MBC systems,discussing  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  different  models  and  their  suitability.  In  terms  ofengineering applications, this review provides a comprehensive review of the research advancements inMBC  wastewater  treatment  technology,  focusing  on  the  achievements  and  challenges  of  MBCtechnology in pilot and full-scale applications worldwide. By comparing application cases from variouscountries  and  regions,  this  review  identifies  the  technical  bottlenecks  faced  by  MBC  technology  inpractical  operations  and  explores  the  key  technical  issues  that  need  to  be  overcome  in  the  future.Finally,  the  review  anticipates  the  future  research  directions  and  application  prospects  of  MBCtechnology, highlighting the necessity and feasibility of further promoting the large-scale application ofthis technology. This review offers a thorough analysis of the current status and future potential of MBCsystems in sustainable wastewater treatment, providing theoretical support for the practical applicationof MBC.