关闭矿井地表残余变形持续时间长、演变过程复杂，可能出现抬升等非常规现象，从而影响关闭矿井开发再利用。

为探究关闭矿井地表抬升变形机理、特征及影响因素，以安徽淮南某矿为例，利用数值模拟分析地下水位回升后地表抬升传导过程，研究采高、地下水位高度和垮落带岩体强度因素变化对地表抬升特征的定量影响。

结果显示，地下水位回升导致采空区上方岩层孔隙水压力增大，水位从30 m回升至150 m时，采空区中央孔隙水压力从5.99×10² kPa增加至2.17×10² kPa，而采空区四周区域孔隙水压力减小。在采高临界值之内，随着采高增加，覆岩回弹值和地表抬升值均增大，深埋岩层回弹显著，地表抬升存在滞后效应，在渗流时间达4个月后地表才开始抬升。水位回升高度对覆岩回弹和地表抬升有直接影响，地下水位升高，覆岩整体呈现回弹趋势，但随水位升高，覆岩回弹趋势降低，水位回升高度超过146 m后地下水位引起的回弹效果将会减弱。垮落带弹性模量衰减会显著加剧地表抬升效应，且抬升值与衰减程度呈线性正相关，垮落带弹性模量未衰减时地表抬升值为86.4 mm，衰减程度增加至50%时，地表抬升值为160 mm。研究成果明确了不同因素下地表抬升的变形特征及传导机制，为关闭矿井地下水回升引起地表抬升的进一步研究提供了重要参考。

The residual surface deformations of closed mines exhibit prolonged duration and complex evolutionary processes, potentially leading to unconventional phenomena like surface uplift, which affects the re-exploitation and reutilization of closed mines.

This investigated a mining area in Huainan, Anhui Province as an example to explore the deformation mechanisms, characteristics, and influential factors of the surface uplift of closed mines. Through numerical simulations, this study analyzed the propagation process of surface uplift with an increase in the groundwater level. Accordingly, this study investigated the quantitative impacts of the mining height, groundwater level, and rock strength of the caving zone on the characteristics of the surface uplift. The results indicate that the pore water pressure in rock layers above the goaf increased with the groundwater level. Specifically, as the groundwater level increased from 30 m to 150 m, the pore water pressure in the central portion of the goaf increased from 5.99 × 10² kPa to 2.17 × 10² kPa, while that in the surrounding area decreased. Within the mining height threshold, the amplitude of overburden rebound and surface uplift increased with the mining height. The deeply buried rock layers exhibited significant rebound, while the surface uplift occurred after four months of seepage, suggesting a lag effect. An increase in the groundwater level exerted a direct influence on the overburden rebound and surface uplift. The increasing groundwater level resulted in an overall rebound trend of the overburden generally. However, the rebound trend became weak as the groundwater level increased further. Notably, the rebound effect lessened when the groundwater level exceeded 146 m. The attenuation of the modulus of elasticity of the caving zone significantly intensified the surface uplift, with the amplitude of the surface uplift exhibiting a linear positive correlation with the degree of the attenuation. Specifically, the amplitude of the surface uplift was 86.4 mm before the attenuation of the modulus of elasticity and was 160 mm as the degree of the attenuation increased to 50%. The findings of this study determine the deformation characteristics and propaganda mechanisms of surface uplift under different conditions, providing a significant reference for further research on the surface uplift of closed mines caused by an increase in the groundwater level.