Materials and methods
作者可通过定义、描写、说明、举例、实验、论证、比较、分析综合、判断推理等不同的方式来证实在引言中所提及的主题，阐明研究是怎样完成的。
常用表达手法介绍：
1.定义、描述
2.推导、实验方法
3.实验步骤
4.示例、图示
1.术语定义、对象描述
描述
The theory is characterized by…
该理论具有„特点。
The fundamental feature of this theory is as follows.
该理论的基本特点如下。
Our system uses a…framework.
我们的系统采用„构架。
„is composed of the following main parts:…
„由下列主要部分构成：„
Our algorithm consists of two parts,a…and a…
我们的算法由两部分构成，一个„和一个„
„consist mainly of…but also include…,…,and…
„主要由„构成，但也包括„、„和„
„has two key components:a specification of…,and the…algorithm.„包含两个关键部分：一个关于„的规范，还有一个就是„算法。
定义
„is called…„叫作„
It is called…in physics.
它在物理学上被称为„
This equation is known as…law.
这个等式被叫做„定律。
Here,the term"…"just refers to a…
在这里，“„”一词仅指一个„
We may refer to such a cell as a…
我们可以把这样的单元称为„
We will consequently refer to it as…
由此，我们将它称为„
Such indicator functions are referred to as…instead of…throughout the rest of the paper.
在论文的其余部分，这样的指示函数被称为„，而不是„。
The objective function,later referred to as…,is as follows.目标函数，在下文中被称为„，形式如下。
2.推导、实验方法
This formula is verified by…
公式通过„验证。
Substituting…in/into…,we obtain/have/get…
将„替换进„，我们得到„
Substituting…in/into…gives/yields/results in…
将„替换进„，产生„
Let us now consider the case where…
让我们来思考一下„的情况。
Suppose that…is a solution of…
假设„是„的解。
If m=1.2,then we have the following equations:
如果m=1.2，可以得到下列等式：
Given that m=1.2,we obtain…
假设m=1.2，可以得到„
The relationship between…and…is as follows:
„与„之间的关系如下：
To eliminate such possibilities,we implemented a…
为了消除这种可能性，我们实现了一个„
„is determined by using the…
通过„来确定„
„is assigned to…
将„赋予„
The sections were rinsed to remove…
清洗截面，以去除„
The…from each section were removed.
去除每个截面上的„
Five…were selected at random.
随机挑选五个„
3.实验步骤
The procedure we followed can be briefly described as…
我们所采用的步骤可以简单地这么说，„
The steps taken are:…
所采用的步骤是：„
The experiment consisted of three steps,which are described in…
实验包括三步，在„中描述。
The algorithm has four steps.
算法分成四步。
The Viterbi algorithm has three steps:initialization,induction,and termination and path-readout.
韦特比算法分三个步骤：初始化、推导、终止和路径读出。
The typical MUC system goes through roughly these steps:…
典型的MUC系统大致要经过这些步骤：„
After…is done by…,a…step is applied to…„
做完„后，要进行„步骤，以„
The second step is to perform…
第二步是进行„
Second came the…phase.
第二步是„阶段。
The last step is to…
最后一步是„
Lastly came the…phase,which involved…
最后一步是„阶段，这一步包括„
4.示例、图示
As shown in Table 3,…
如表三所示，„
As can be seen from the data in Table 1,…
正如表一中的数据所示，„
As described in Figure 3.2,…
正如图3.2所示，„
The…coefficient varies with the shape of the object(see Table 1).
„系数随物体的形状而异（参见表一）。
Here are few examples to illustrate this principle.
略举数例，用以说明这一原理。
A simple example will serve to illustrate the point.
一个简单的例子可以说明这一点。
The above diagram serves to illustrate the principle of…
上述图表是用来说明„的作用原理的。
We illustrate this method with an example of a small project.我们举一个简单的工程任务的实例说明这一方法。
The following example will illustrate a typical method for solving such problems.
下面举一个解决这类问题的典型方法的例子。
To illustrate my point I have done a comparative analysis.
为说明我的观点，我做了对比分析。
To illustrate the foregoing analysis,consider a…
为了举例阐明以上的分析，我们考虑一种„
We now illustrate the entire procedure in solving a…problem.我们现在来举例说明解一个„题的全部过程。
Those are expressly designed to illustrate…
那些是用来说明„的巧妙想法。
