Huating Coal Industry Group Chicheng Coal Mine Co.
College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology

现有研究认为煤层倾角是造成大倾角采场采动力学行为呈现复杂性、特殊性，诱发众多灾害事故的根源。但这些研究多属于定性的描述，且是出于不同工程背景下的初步探讨。关于不同倾角下顶板垮落、矸石充填的具体形态及其与围岩间相互作用特征的研究较少。针对上述问题，采用物理相似模拟和数值计算相结合的研究方法，在综合分析了大倾角工作面顶板破断运移及矸石滑滚充填特征的基础上，利用有限元-离散元（FLAC2D-PFC2D）耦合算法建立了不同倾角的大倾角采场耦合数值模型，研究了大倾角采场围岩应力分布及矸石充填特征的倾角效应。结果表明：① 采动作用下，大倾角采场顶、底板内围岩应力均呈非对称拱形分布，随煤层倾角增大，拱形垂直应力释放区范围和向上部偏移程度逐渐增大，但水平应力释放区范围和力值逐渐减小，无论是垂直应力还是水平应力都易在工作面上、下端头顶板处出现应力集中，但最大集中应力值会随煤层倾角的增大而减小；大倾角工作面顶底板内应力大小和传递方向均存在非对称特征，随煤层倾角的增大，工作面顶、底板应力拱高逐渐降低，围岩应力的传递方向，以围岩涌向采出空间为主，由初始近似竖直方向逐渐偏转趋向于工作面垂向。② 工作面顶板破断及矸石的滑滚充填具有时序性和分区演化特性，并随煤层倾角的改变而呈现一定的倾角效应。随煤层倾角的增大，直接顶的初次破断位置将逐渐向工作面倾向上部区域转移，同时由于重力沿工作面倾向的分力变大，矸石沿倾向的充填程度更为密实，但充填长度会随之减小，随煤层倾角的增大，工作面中上部区域高位岩层的破碎程度和空洞范围也随之增大。③ 采空区内矸石对围岩的作用机制主要体现在提供侧向应力和竖向支撑2个方面，且受矸石重力作用影响较大，会随煤层倾角改变呈现较强的倾角效应。研究结果可为大倾角工作面支架及采场围岩的稳定性控制提供理论依据，促进大倾角煤层的安全高效开采。

Existing research suggests that the dip angle of coal seams is the root cause of the complexity and particularity of mining dynamics in large dip angle mining areas, leading to numerous disasters and accidents. But these studies mostly belong to qualitative descriptions and are preliminary explorations under different engineering backgrounds. There is relatively little research on the specific forms of roof collapse and gangue filling under different inclination angles, as well as their interaction features with surrounding rock. In order to solve the above problems, a research method combining physical similarity simulation and numerical calculation is adopted. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the features of roof crack and gangue sliding and rolling filling in steeply dipping working faces, a finite element discrete element (FLAC2D-PFC2D) coupling algorithm is used to establish a coupled numerical model of high angle mining areas with different inclinations. The stress distribution of surrounding rock and the inclination effect of gangue filling features in steeply dipping mining areas are studied. The results show the following points. ① Under the action of mining, the stress distribution of the surrounding rock in the roof and floor of the high angle mining area is asymmetric arched. As the dip angle of the coal seam increases, the range of the arched vertical stress release zone and the degree of upward displacement gradually increase. But the range and force value of the horizontal stress release zone gradually decrease. Both vertical and horizontal stresses are prone to stress concentration at the top and bottom of the working face. But the maximum concentrated stress value will decrease with the increase of coal seam inclination angle. The stress magnitude and transmission direction inside the roof and floor of the steeply dipping working face exhibit asymmetric features. As the coal seam dip angle increases, the stress arch height of the working face roof and floor gradually decreases. The transmission direction of surrounding rock stress is mainly towards the mining space, and gradually deviates from the initial approximate vertical direction towards the vertical direction of the working face. ② The roof crack of the working face and the sliding and filling of gangue exhibit temporal and regional evolution features, and exhibit a certain dip angle effect with the change of coal seam dip angle. As the inclination angle of the coal seam increases, the initial breaking position of the direct roof will gradually shift towards the upper area of the working face. At the same time, due to the increased force of gravity along the inclination direction of the working face, the filling degree of the gangue along the inclination direction will be more dense. But the filling length will decrease. As the inclination angle of the coal seam increases, the degree of crack and the range of voids in the high-level rock layers in the upper and middle areas of the working face will also increase. ③ The mechanism of the action of gangue on the surrounding rock in the goaf is mainly reflected in providing lateral stress and vertical support, and is greatly affected by the gravity of gangue, which will show a strong inclination effect with the change of coal seam inclination angle. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the stability control of the support and surrounding rock of the steeply dipping working face, and promote the safe and efficient mining of steeply dipping coal seam.

山西省重点研发计划项目（基于BIM 的三维智能化矿井透水应急救援平台研发）。

0 引言
1 工程背景
2 顶板非对称破坏及矸石充填基本特征
3 不同倾角数值模型的建立
4 数值模拟结果分析
4.1 采场围岩应力分布演化的倾角效应
4.2 矸石充填特征的倾角效应
5 结论

高利军，晋发东，梁东宇. 大倾角采场围岩应力分布及矸石充填特征的倾角效应研究[J]. 工矿自动化，2024，50（3）：1-10.

GAO Lijun, JIN Fadong, LIANG Dongyu. Study on the stress distribution of surrounding rock and the inclination effect of gangue filling features in steeply dipping mining sites[J]. Journal of Mine Automation，2024，50（3）：1-10.