采用三轴围压条件下水力压裂模拟系统，构建了不同地质因素和施工因素条件下的压裂裂缝扩展模型，通过压裂数据和模型剖切等方法分析了分段压裂裂缝扩展特征，并对压裂裂缝扩展影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明：水平应力差、覆岩结构主要影响分段压裂裂缝扩展形态，对压裂裂缝扩展规模影响较小；结构面胶结强度为压裂裂缝最敏感的因素之一。胶结强度小于0.50 MPa时，裂缝扩展沿层理面延伸，无法穿层发育；胶结强度大于0.75 MPa时，压裂裂缝可穿过结构面发育。施工排量及压裂段间距等施工因素对压裂裂缝影响敏感度高，随着注液排量的增大，裂缝扩展延伸越平直，压裂段间距较小时，受“应力阴影”效应影响明显，适当增大压裂段间距，有利于压裂裂缝发育。研究成果可为坚硬顶板分段压裂弱化改造提供技术支撑。

The hydraulic fracturing simulation system under triaxial confining pressure was used to construct the fracture propagation model under different geological factors and construction factors. The fracture propagation characteristics of staged fracturing were analyzed by fracturing data and model cutting methods, and the influencing factors of fracture propagation were discussed. The results show that: ①The horizontal stress difference and overburden structure mainly affect the fracture propagation pattern of staged fracturing, and have little effect on the fracture propagation scale.②The cementing strength of structural plane is one of the most sensitive factors of fracture. When the cementing strength is less than 0.50 MPa, the fracture propagation extends along the bedding plane and cannot develop through the layer. When the cementing strength is greater than 0.75 MPa, the fracture can develop through the structural plane.③The construction factors such as construction displacement and fracturing section spacing are highly sensitive to the influence of fracturing cracks. With the increase of liquid injection displacement, the crack propagation and extension are more straight. When the fracturing section spacing is small, it is obviously affected by the "stress shadow effect". Appropriately increasing the fracturing section spacing is conducive to the development of fracturing cracks. The research results can provide technical support for the staged fracturing weakening transformation of hard roof.