在现代社会,职业流动已经成为一种常态。产业工人数量庞大,他们职业流动效果如何仍未可知。基于黑龙江省产业工人的大规模问卷调查和深度访谈结果,运用聚类分析的方法,确定了“工资”“福利保障”“职位”“社会声望”和“技术等级”五个维度,对产业工人不同维度的职业流动效果进行深入探究。研究表明:多数产业工人表现出“无效流动”或“向下流动”的效果特征;基于自致性因素和制度性因素,产业工人呈现出职业流动效果的异质性。

In today's modern society, occupational mobility has become an increasingly prevalent phenomenon, particularly among the large population of industrial workers. This mobility, which can greatly impact the lives of these workers, deserves further exploration and understanding. To achieve this, a comprehensive analysis of the occupational mobility effects on workers in various aspects such as wages, benefits, and job satisfaction is necessary. To gain a deeper insight into this issue, a large-scale questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews of industrial workers in Heilongjiang Province were conducted. When analyzing the effect of occupational mobility of workers, considering that the measurement of occupational mobility effect includes multiple dimensions, it is conducive to clearly present the effect of occupational mobility after classifying multiple dimensions according to certain rules, so the cluster analysis method is used to cluster the effect of occupational mobility of workers in five dimensions. Based on the findings, cluster analysis was employed to meticulously examine the occupational mobility effects of workers. The findings suggest that despite the industrial workers' unwavering quest for improved career prospects, the actual outcomes are frequently falling short of expectations. A whopping 50% of these workers grapple with horizontal mobility or are faced with a downgrade in their occupational standing. This statistic is alarming, given the fact that these individuals invest a significant amount of time and energy into their professional development, only to be met with limited opportunities for growth and advancement. The heterogeneity of the occupational mobility effects is influenced by various factors. Firstly, self-induced factors like education level significantly impact the mobility of industrial workers. The "non-mobility" of highly educated workers is primarily due to their independent choice. These workers possess a higher level of human capital, which allows them to start their careers at a higher platform. As a result, they are more likely to reduce unnecessary occupational mobility throughout their career journey.Secondly, institutional factors, such as household registration segmentation, also play a crucial role in the occupational mobility of workers. These factors hinder the upward mobility of rural household registration workers and private workers, leading to a predicament where the more mobile workers tend to have worse working conditions. Furthermore, the current employment system in our country, which emphasizes stability, may also contribute to the problem. The rigidities in the system make it difficult for workers to change jobs easily, even if they desire to do so. This results in a situation where workers are stuck in their current positions, unable to pursue better opportunities.In conclusion, the impact of occupational mobility on industrial workers exhibits significant heterogeneity, which is not only a result of individual differences but is also influenced by social environment and institutional factors. Therefore, when promoting the occupational mobility of industrial workers, it is crucial to consider various factors comprehensively and formulate more accurate and effective policies to facilitate the career development and social status improvement of workers. This could include improving the employment system, providing better training opportunities, and ensuring job security for all workers.