水库移民作为水利水电工程关键部分,受政府政策与制度主导,对移民社会分层有深远影响。本研究将建国以来我国水库移民政策分为五阶段,以南水北调中线丹江口水库移民为例,分析了资源再分配、发展促进及权力再调整三种机制如何影响移民社会经济。研究指出,移民政策通过安置、资源分配和项目扶持影响移民的权力、收入等社会分层标准,“新移民”在收入和资源上较“老移民”有显著提升,近城有土安置资源更丰富。移民个体阶层因权力、市场、资源调整而重塑,虽少数移民在搬迁初期阶层下滑,但整体呈积极重构趋势。本文引入社会分层视角,强调应完善移民政策,关注政策对不同群体的效果,提高政策精准度,降低阶层下移风险,以政策推动移民安置与可持续发展。

Reservoir resettlement is an important component of water conservancy and hydropower projects, which is related to the success or failure of the project construction. As the responsible subject of resettlement work, the government's policies and systems are the leading factors in promoting the proper resettlement, restoration, and sustainable development of reservoir resettlement, and have a significant impact on the social stratification of resettlement. This intricate dance not only impacts the immediate lives of those relocated but also reverberates through the broader social stratification of the resettled communities. The policy framework governing reservoir migration is a multifaceted construct, evolving through distinct phases: from initial, cautious exploration to a period of administrative zeal, followed by a more methodical era of scientific planning and gradual refinement towards standardization. Ultimately, this matures into a phase of high-quality development, where policies are fine-tuned to optimize outcomes. The Danjiangkou Reservoir resettlement of the South to North Water Diversion Middle Route Project has typical significance, running through the main stages of resettlement policies and covering mainstream resettlement methods. Taking this as an example, this article elaborates on three mechanisms of differentiation and differences in the social and economic development of immigrant groups and individuals caused by different policies and the same policy from a temporal and spatial perspective: the mechanism of resource redistribution differences, the mechanism of development promotion differences, and the mechanism of power readjustment. The research underscores the pivotal role of resettlement policies in shaping the social stratification of resettlement across four key dimensions: resettlement rights, income, natural resources, and skill sets. These disparities are intricately linked to factors such as resettlement modalities, resource allocation strategies, and project-specific support measures. The social stratification of resettlement emerges as a dual product of both collective and individual differentiation. Newly resettled groups often experience qualitative improvements in income levels and access to natural resources compared to their predecessors, while those resettled closer to urban centers tend to enjoy even more abundant resources than those settled later or in more remote locations. Furthermore, individual social strata within the resettlement population undergo dynamic reshaping as power dynamics, market conditions, and natural resource availability shift over time.While a minority of resettlement may temporarily experience a decline in social standing during the tumultuous period of relocation and resettlement, the overarching trend is towards a "proactive reconstruction" of the social stratification structure under the guiding hand of progressive policies. By introducing the lens of social stratification into the discourse on reservoir resettlement, this research endeavors to enrich and broaden the scope of resettlement studies, emphasizing the need for nuanced policy interventions that account for the diverse needs and experiences of different resettlement groups and individuals.In the pursuit of high-quality development for resettlement, it is imperative to continually refine the resettlement policy and regulatory framework. In the context of high-quality development of resettlement, it is necessary to continuously improve the resettlement policy and regulatory system, attach importance to the effects of policies on different resettlement groups and individuals, improve the accuracy of policy implementation, reduce the risk of downward migration of resettlement classes, and use policy systems as a driving force to promote the relocation and resettlement of reservoir resettlement and sustainable development.