为配合国家精准扶贫战略、工程项目建设和水能资源开发等政策措施,近千万非自愿移民被迫离开故土,搬迁安置到陌生的社区开启新生活。但是,在移民后续扶持过程中,社区融合困难是非自愿移民面临的主要问题之一。为了帮助非自愿移民脱离社区融合困境,建设和谐融洽社区,本研究以增能理论和生态系统理论为基石,对非自愿移民的社区融合困境与需求进行了深入探讨。研究采用访谈法和观察法作为主要的研究手段,通过直接与非自愿移民进行沟通交流,并观察他们在新社区中的生活状态,从而深入理解非自愿移民在社区融合过程中遭遇的难题和实际需求。基于上述研究,本文从社会工作的专业视角出发,针对非自愿移民所处的不同系统环境(微观、中观、宏观),提出了具体的介入策略。这些策略旨在帮助非自愿移民克服社区融合困境,实现与新社区的和谐共融。

Driven by activities such as national strategic practices, engineering project construction, and water energy resource development, a significant number of involuntary immigrants have emerged in my country. The relocation and resettlement initiatives have triggered abrupt transformations in the living environment, lifestyle, and production methods of these immigrants, resulting in pronounced community integration challenges during subsequent support phases.Social work, characterized by its fundamental commitment to a people-first approach and the advancement of self-help, consistently places a high priority on assisting vulnerable societal groups and cultivating social harmony and stability. Consequently, the application of professional social work methods and techniques to support immigrants in overcoming community integration challenges holds significant theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical standpoint, this endeavor contributes to the expansion of the scope of social work services, improvement of the community management system for involuntary immigrants, and advocacy for the localization of social work. On a practical level, it not only facilitates the physical and mental health adjustment of immigrants, enabling them to navigate the adjustment period successfully, but also enriches practical experience in social work, providing crucial guidance for government initiatives in post-immigration support. To explore the current landscape of community integration challenges and the social work service needs of involuntary immigrants, this article employs qualitative research as the primary method, conducting in-depth investigations in resettlement communities. Through field observations and unstructured interviews, it is evident that immigrants' integration challenges primarily manifest in four aspects: Shrinking social networks, reduced political participation, relative poverty, and cultural shock. Reflecting these community integration dilemmas, immigrants' social work service needs are primarily observed in four aspects: reinforcing community resident interaction and expanding social support networks; exercising community participation rights and increasing community political participation; enhancing immigrants' economic capabilities and alleviating relative poverty; promoting community cultural integration and mitigating cultural shock. Utilizing the professional lens of social work and drawing on ecosystem theory and empowerment theory, proposed solution measures span three perspectives. At the micro-system level, efforts are directed towards promoting the psychological and emotional adjustment of migrants, conducting training to enhance their employment abilities, exercising their social skills, and reshaping the concept of community participation. On the meso-system level, initiatives involve organizing community socializing activities to establish a platform for community friendships, hosting employment assistance conferences to bolster employment capacity-building, conducting cultural activities to cultivate a community cultural environment, and creating avenues for political participation to underscore migrants' participation rights. At the macro-system level, strategies include augmenting policy and financial inputs, enhancing the post-processing support service system, refining post-processing support policies, and championing the implementation of policies related to migrants. Finally, to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of practical social work intervention, an implementation strategy for social work localization is proposed, considering values, social structure, authority relationships, and expression methods. Emphasizing family, social responsibility, and collectivism, while avoiding excessive individualism and actively seeking collective and community support, is crucial in terms of values. Addressing social structure involves tailoring approaches to fit the characteristics of China's multi-generational family structure, close family relationships, and the dual structure of urban and rural areas. Essential to this strategy is the development of specialized service plans based on the unique characteristics of immigrant families and the cultural context in which they reside. Regarding authority relationships, understanding and respecting the established authority structure of Chinese society and fostering close cooperation with local authorities are vital to overcoming obstacles in the service process and enhancing problem-solving efficiency. In terms of expression, a conscious effort to translate specialized terminology into easily understandable local languages, coupled with the acquisition of local dialects and verbal expressions, aims to narrow the psychological distance with service recipients, thereby improving communication efficiency.