以华苑煤业9103和10103工作面的极近距离煤层开采为研究背景，采用相似材料模拟试验的方法，深入分析了上、下煤层联合开采时覆岩的裂缝演化规律和移动变形特征。研究结果表明，随着工作面的不断推进，覆岩裂缝的演化经历了初期稳定、中期加速扩展、后期趋于稳定3个阶段，且顶板覆岩的下沉变形也呈现出相似的阶段性特征。在初期阶段，裂缝发育缓慢，顶板相对稳定；中期阶段，裂缝迅速扩展，顶板下沉量剧增；后期阶段，裂缝发育和顶板下沉均趋于稳定。本研究揭示了极近距离煤层开采过程中覆岩的运移规律和变形机制，为优化巷道布置设计、提高煤矿开采效率和安全性提供了重要的科学依据和技术支持。

 The ultra-close distance coal seam mining at No. 9103 and 10103 Faces of Huayuan Coal Industry was taken as the research background, and the fracture evolution and movement deformation characteristics of the overburden during the combined mining of the upper and lower coal seams were deeply analyzed by method of similar material simulation experiments. The research results indicated that as the working face advanced continuously, the evolution of overburden fractures underwent three stages: initial stability, mid-stage accelerated expansion, and late-stage stabilization, and the subsidence deformation of the roof overburden also exhibited similar phased characteristics. In the initial stage, fractures developed slowly, and the roof remained relatively stable; in the mid-stage, fractures rapidly expanded, and the roof subsidence increased significantly; in the late stage, both fracture development and roof subsidence tended to stabilize. This study not only revealed the movement patterns and deformation mechanisms of the overburden during ultra-close distance coal seam mining but also provided important scientific basis and technical support for optimizing roadway layout design and improving coal mining efficiency and safety.