College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology
Institute of Coal Green Mining Geology,Xi’anUniversity of Science and Technology
Shaanxi provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Guarantee for Coal Green Development
Shaanxi Satellite Application Technology Center for Natural Resource
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Landand Resources Survey and Monitoring Institute
School of Energy and Mining Engineering,Shandong University of Science andTechnology
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Geological Survey and Research Institute
ShanxiCoal Geological Bureau

破解煤炭开采与水土保持之间的矛盾是黄河上中游生态保护与高质量发展的重大科学问题和战略需求。在系统梳理相关研究进展的基础上,指出了“对采煤沉陷区的区域特性认识不充分”、“对采煤沉陷过程中土壤侵蚀关键因子的认识不全面”、“缺少采煤沉陷区不同采动损害类型的土壤侵蚀效应研究”是目前我国煤炭开采区水土流失效应与防控研究存在的主要问题。剖析了黄河上中游7大国家级煤炭基地面临的煤炭开采与水土保持之间的尖锐矛盾及发展趋势。矛盾的焦点主要表现在:第一,煤炭开采集中区与水土流失重点治理区高度重叠导致“能源安全保供”与“水土流失防治”的双重压力;第二,区域自然土壤侵蚀本底导致解决煤炭开采与水土保持矛盾的余地小且难度大;第三,十四五期间持续扩大的采煤沉陷区将成为水土保持攻坚克难的主战场。提出了“地下采动+地下覆岩+地表微地形”耦合下的土壤侵蚀时空演化规律与机理、不同损害类型的土壤侵蚀效应及时空演化规律与机理、构建“地下联合地表”策略下水土流失全生命周期精准防控关键技术体系等是今后黄河上中游采煤沉陷区水土流失效应防控的重点研究方向。希望为破解黄河上中游煤炭开采与水土保持的矛盾,支撑黄河上中游的生态保护与高质量发展提供有益参考。

Solving the contradiction between coal mining and soil and water conservation is a major scientific issue andstrategic demand for ecological protection and high-quality development in the upper and middle reaches of the YellowRiver. On the basis of systematically combing the relevant research progress,it is pointed out that insufficient under-standing of the regional characteristics of coal mining subsidence areas,incomplete understanding of the key factors ofsoil erosion in the process of coal mining subsidence ,lack of research on soil erosion effect of different mining dam-age types in coal mining subsidence areas are the main problems in the research of soil erosion effect and preventionand control in coal mining areas in China. The sharp contradiction and development trend between coal mining andsoil and water conservation in the seven national coal bases in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River areanalyzed. The focus of the contradiction is mainly manifested in :first,the high overlap between the coal mining con-centration area and the key control area of soil and water loss leads to the double pressure of energy security supplyand soil and water loss prevention;second,the background of regional natural soil erosion leads to a small and difficultspace to solve the contradiction between coal mining and soil and water conservation. Third, the continuouslyexpanding coal mining subsidence area during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period will become the main battlefield for soiland water conservation. It is proposed that the spatial and temporal evolution law and mechanism of soil erosionunder the coupling of underground mining + underground overburden + surface natural micro-topography ,the soil ero-sion effect of different damage types and the spatial and temporal evolution law and mechanism,and the key technologysystem of precise prevention and control of soil erosion in the whole life cycle under the strategy of underground jointsurface are the key research directions for the prevention and control of soil erosion effect in the coal mining subsid-ence area in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River in the future. It is hoped to provide a useful referencefor solving the contradiction between coal mining and soil and water conservation in the upper and middle reachesof the Yellow River and supporting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the upper and middlereaches of the Yellow River.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(41402308);陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2023-YBSF-458);陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室重点基金资助项目(DZBZ2022Z-03)

宋世杰,张家杰,杨帅,等.黄河上中游采煤沉陷区水土流失效应的探索与思考[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(2):67-80.

SONG Shijie,ZHANG Jiajie,YANG Shuai,et al.Exploration and thinking on soil erosion effect of coal miningsubsidence area in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(2):67-80.