煤矿生产实践证明，绝大多数煤与瓦斯突出受地质构造的控制，且主要发生在掘进工作面。因此，地质构造连续超前探测是防治掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出的重要技术手段，对保证矿井安全生产具有重要意义。

基于频谱声学方法在俄罗斯多年的研究成果，利用掘进机割煤时激发的人工声学信号在顶板岩层弱化接触面处产生的谐振现象，构建以应力指标和频率指标为基础的地质构造预测系数，通过地震检波器、监测分站、工业环网、监测主机组成的监测预警系统，实时计算分析相对应力系数、频谱最大值频率和地质构造预测系数，实现掘进工作面地质构造的实时监测预警。中俄双方合作并在平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司八矿己15-15080风巷掘进工作面进行了试验研究，试验工作面连续推进 756 m，共揭露断层7个。

试验结果表明：(1) 地质构造监测指标异常区的分布与工作面地质构造的分布具有较好的一致性，工作面地质构造均分布在地质构造监测指标异常区内，在地质构造揭露前一定范围内，地质构造预测系数一定增大并超过其临界值，地质构造预测系数临界值可取7，对地质构造监测预警的可靠性可达100%。(2) 按工作面至断层走向的法向距离计算，超前预警距离为6.5~27.3 m，沿工作面掘进方向计算，超前预警距离为13.5~44.0 m。(3) 地质构造预测系数在断层两侧的分布形态可分为两类单翼型和双翼型，断层上盘或者下盘其中一盘的地质构造预测系数超过临界值的属于单翼型，断层上盘和下盘的地质构造预测系数都超过临界值的属于双翼型。(4) 根据断层面和断层上下盘的相对应力系数的分布情况，断层附近的应力应变状态可分为单侧高应力区、双侧高应力区和整体高应力区，高应力区至断层面的距离一般为3.2~28.0 m。研究结果为掘进工作面地质构造超前探测连续在线预警提供了新的指标和方法。

The practice of coal mine production has proved that the vast majority of coal and gas outbursts are controlled by geological structures, and mainly occur in tunnelling working site. Therefore, continuous advanced detection of geological structures is an important technical means to prevent and control coal and gas outbursts in tunnelling working site, and is of great significance to ensure safe production in mines.

Based on the research results of spectral acoustic method in Russia for many years, the resonance phenomenon generated at the weakened contact surface of the roof rock layer by the artificial acoustic signal excited by the coal cutting machine is utilized to construct the prediction coefficient of geological structure based on the stress index and frequency index. Through the monitoring and early warning system composed of seismometer, monitoring sub-station, industrial ring network, and monitoring host, the relative stress coefficient, spectral maximum frequency and geological structure prediction coefficient are calculated and analyzed in real time to realize the real-time monitoring and early warning of the geological structure of the tunnelling working site. Through cooperation between Chinese and Russian teams, an experimental study was conducted on the tunnelling working site of ventilation tunnel J15-15080 in the Eighth Coal Mine of Pingdingshan Tianan Coal Mining Co., Ltd. During the experiment, the tunnelling working site advanced continuously for 756 m, with seven faults being exposed.

The experimental results demonstrate the high consistency between the anomaly areas of the monitoring indicator (i.e., the geologic structure prediction coefficient) of geologic structures and distribution of geologic structures in the mining face, with all geologic structures in the mining face identified within the anomaly areas of the monitoring indicator. At a certain distance in front of the exposed geologic structures, the geologic structure prediction coefficient inevitably increased and exceeded its critical value, which can be set at 7 to ensure 100% reliability for the monitoring and early warning of geologic structures. The advance warning distances were calculated at 6.5‒27.3 m based on the normal distance from the mining face to the fault strike and determined at 13.5‒44 m based on the heading direction of the mining face. The geologic structure prediction coefficients exhibited two distribution morphologies on both sides of a fault, i.e., single- and double-wing morphologies. The former refers to the case where the coefficients exceed the critical value in either the hanging wall or the footwall of the fault, while the latter denotes that the coefficients exceed the critical value in both the hanging wall and footwall of the fault. Based on the distribution of relative stress coefficients on a fault plane and the fault's hanging wall and footwall, the stress-strain zones near the fault can be categorized into zones with unilateral high stress, bilateral high stress, and overall high stress. The distances from high-stress zones to fault planes typically ranged from 3.2 to 28.0 m. The findings of this study will provide a new monitoring indicator and method for continuous online early warning in the advance detection of geologic structures in tunnelling working site.