在三向应力条件下, 通过调整巷道轴向与最大主应力间的夹角, 可降低高应力对围岩稳定性的影响。采用理论分析、现场试验等研究方法, 提出了三向应力下巷道合理布置的PSO-AHP优化耦合算法, 确定了最有利于巷道围岩稳定的布置参数, 并在魏家地1104工作面运输巷进行了工程应用。研究结果表明: 巷道布置参数倾角α与方位角β影响巷道围岩偏应力S₁分布, 不同布置参数α, β下巷道围岩S₁分布不同。巷道围岩对α, β变化的敏感度存在差异, 通过改变巷道围岩敏感度更高的参数, 可减小围岩偏应力, 提高围岩稳定性。PSO-AHP优化算法以偏应力为指标, 首先通过计算巷道不同部位的优化布置参数, 然后建立判断矩阵与评价函数来确定巷道最优布置参数。在魏家地1104工作面运输巷进行了应用, 巷道采用PSO-AHP优化算法得到的最优参数进行布置, 巷道围岩不同深度处的平均偏应力降低系数均小于1。与原布置方案相比, 最优布置参数下巷道围岩偏应力总体减小, 最大偏应力位置转移。通过调整巷道布置方案, 提出了非对称支护形式, 现场应用效果良好。

Under three-dimensional high stress conditions, optimizing the orientation of a roadway relative to the principal stress directions can reduce the impact of high stress on the stability of the surrounding rock. Using theoretical analysis and field tests, a coupled optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and analytic hierarchy process (PSO-AHP) was proposed to determine the optimal roadway layout parameters. This approach was applied to the transportation roadway of the 1104 working face at the Weijiadi coal mine. The results show that the dip angle α and azimuth angle β significantly influence the distribution of the deviatoric stress in the surrounding rock. The sensitivity of surrounding rock to changes in α and β varies under different stress fields. Adjusting the more sensitive parameters reduces deviatoric stress and enhances the stability of the roadway. The PSO-AHP optimization algorithm uses deviatoric stress as an evaluation index, first calculating the optimal layout parameters for different sections of the roadway and then determining the overall optimal parameters through an evaluation matrix and function. In the 1104 working face of Weijiadi coal mine, the roadway layout based on the optimal parameters derived from the PSO-AHP algorithm reduced the average deviatoric stress at various depths of the surrounding rock, with all reduction coefficients below 1. Additionally, the location of the maximum deviatoric stress shifted. Compared to the original layout scheme, the optimized layout improved stress distribution and overall stability. The study also proposed an asymmetric support system, which demonstrated excellent field performance.