充填开采是一种能有效遏制地面沉降、高效处置工业固废、快速解放“三下”压煤资源的开采技术。本文针对山西神州煤业有限责任公司4603(2)工作面4604(1)工作面开采沉陷控制难题，深入开展了粉煤灰成分测定、充填浆液流动性测试、充填开采工艺工程实践及沉陷观测全流程研究。结果表明：①专用辅料可充分激发粉煤灰的潜在活性，采用流动度试模进行充填浆液流动性能的快速测试，确定了自流充填浆液浓度上限为55%；②研发了充填步距为2.4 m的“采煤→充填→采煤→充填”袋式循环的充填工艺，掌握了不同龄期充填体强度演化特征，建立了充填体强度与时间长度的关联方程，固结体试件60 d龄期后强度基本稳定于3.0 MPa，满足充填体终态强度2.0 MPa的充填设计要求；③借助地势充填料浆自流充填后，工作面倾向最大下沉量为−156 mm，走向最大下沉量为−111 mm，实现了地表下沉小于200 mm的控制目标，保障了地面大型垃圾处理站、周边压煤村庄密集建、构筑物的安全使用。研究成果可为类似沟谷山地矿区充填开采提供借鉴。

Filling mining is a technology that can curb land subsidence, efficiently dispose of industrial solid waste, and quickly liberate the “three underground” coal resources. This article focuses on controlling mining subsidence in the 4603 (2) working face and 4604 (1) working face of Shanxi Shenzhou Coal Industry Co., Ltd. It conducts in-depth research on the determination of fly ash composition, testing of filling slurry fluidity, engineering practice of filling mining technology, and the entire process of subsidence observation. The results indicate that: ① the specialized auxiliary materials developed based on fly ash can fully stimulate the potential activity of fly ash. A flowability test mold was used to test the flowability of the filling slurry quickly, and the upper limit of the concentration of the self-flowing filling slurry was determined to be 55%. ② We have developed a bag cycle filling process with a filling step distance of 2.4 m, which includes “mining → filling → mining → filling”. We have mastered the strength evolution characteristics of filling materials at different ages and established a correlation equation between the strength of filling materials and time length. After 60 days of age, the strength of the consolidated specimens is stable at 3.0MPa, meeting the filling design requirements of 2.0 MPa for the final strength of filling materials; ③ After filling with high-concentration slurry from the terrain, the maximum subsidence of the working face is −156 mm and the maximum subsidence of the strike is −111 mm, achieving the control goal of surface subsidence less than 200 mm. This ensures the safe use of large garbage treatment stations on the ground and dense buildings and structures in surrounding coal villages. The research results can provide a reference for filling mining in similar valley mountain mining areas.