煤矿隐蔽致灾因素是制约矿井安全、高效、绿色、智能化开采的关键地质因素，透明地质是实现煤矿隐蔽致灾因素探测的重要技术手段，其中地质构造透明化勘查是重中之重。为建立适用于不同地质条件或煤矿区的地质构造隐蔽致灾因素透明化勘查技术体系，首先在对构造隐蔽致灾因素分析的基础上，提出了区域构造分析入手，地面、井下联合调查的构造隐蔽致灾因素快速排查技术体系，高效圈定矿井地质构造异常发育区、分析其分布规律；基于以往地面地质勘查钻孔资料和三维地震勘探数据初步分析全井田煤层厚度、断裂构造以及顶底板构造起伏形态；采用槽波勘探、定向钻探、超前物探、随采随掘地震、巷道快速写实等综合技术手段，对采掘工作面的地质构造逐级透明化；采用理论分析、工程类比、数值模拟、相似材料模拟、现场工程验证等方法，对地质构造类型、属性特征与煤层厚度、煤岩体结构、瓦斯涌出量、瓦斯压力、顶板矿压的相关性进行分析，研究在开采条件下采掘工作面过断裂构造不同区内的瓦斯参数、顶板/矿压灾害的响应规律，通过特征参数阈值选取实现工作面构造隐蔽致灾因素的监测和预警；利用数字化技术实现对不同地质构造及其灾害属性的数字化表达，通过建模软件实现对构造隐蔽致灾因素的三维透明化显示；构建了区域构造地质研究、隐蔽致灾因素精细勘查、致灾威胁性科学评价、地质构造透明化4个层级的地质构造隐蔽致灾因素逐级透明化勘查技术体系，并在屯宝煤矿进行了工程实践。研究结果表明：屯宝煤矿地质构造类型复杂，不仅发育有地堑式、地垒式、雁列式、挠曲等断裂构造样式，同时发育有小型冲刷带、断层及其破碎带等；复杂地质构造是诱发矿井瓦斯突出、顶板灾害、应力集中以及矿井冲击地压显现等矿井灾害的关键性地质因素，断层对巷道应力集中的影响范围为10～15 m，对工作面的影响范围为20～30 m；工作面内存在瓦斯富集区，瓦斯含量与瓦斯涌出量的分布具有明显分带性，且分带性受断层的控制；煤层瓦斯的含量、瓦斯涌出量随着工作面与断层的距离变化呈现对数相关性，在距离断层25 m处出现明显增加，在大于25 m区域变化不大，在小于25 m区域随着距离的减小呈指数型增大。工作面初次来压位置前后20 m、工作面见方前后30 m为中等冲击危险区域，采空区煤柱影响区、终采线前后50 m、落差大于4 m的断层前后30 m等区域为弱冲击危险区域；冲击地压、顶板和瓦斯等多种矿井灾害的隐蔽致灾因素叠合区域为灾害防治的重点区域。研究成果实现了构造复杂区域地质构造隐蔽致灾因素与矿井灾害透明化的无缝衔接，为煤矿区传统的地质勘查向数字化、智能化的发展提供了可行的技术路径。

Hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mines are key geological factors that restrict the safety, high efficiency, green and intelligent mining, and transparent geology is an important technical means to realize the detection of hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mines, among them, geological structure transparent exploration is the most important. In order to build a transparent exploration system for hidden disaster-causing factors of geological structure that applies to different geological conditions or coalfield areas, first, based on analysis of factors causing hidden structural disasters, technical system of rapid investigation of factors causing structural hidden disasters is put forward, which is based on the regional structural analysis and the joint investigation of the ground and underground, effectively delineate the mine geological structure anomaly development area and analyze its distribution law. Based on the previous borehole data and 3D seismic data, the coal seam thickness, fault structure and roof and floor structure undulation patterns are analyzed. Comprehensive technical means such as channel wave exploration, directional drilling, advanced geophysical prospecting, earthquake while mining/driving, cuttings recording, rapid realistic description of roadway are adopted, further realizing the gradual transparency of the geological structure of the mining face, adopting the methods of theoretical analysis, engineering analogy, numerical simulation, similar material simulation, field engineering verification. Correlation between geological structure types, attribute characteristics and mine disasters, such as coal seam thickness, coal rock mass structure, gas emission, gas pressure, roof strata behavior, is analyzed. Response law of gas parameters and roof/ground pressure disasters in different areas of the mining face passing through the fault structure under the mining condition is studied. Monitoring and early-warning of the hidden disaster-causing factors of the face structures are realized by selecting the threshold value of the characteristic parameters, and the digital expression of the different geological structures and their disaster attributes is realized by using the digital technology, 3D transparent display of hidden disaster-causing factors is realized by modeling software. The technical system of geological structure exploration with 4 levels of regional structure geology research, exploration of hidden disaster-causing factors, scientific evaluation of disaster-causing threat and geological structure transparency is constructed, and carried out engineering practice in Tunbao Coal Mine. the results show that the types of geological structures in coal mine are complex, and there are not only graben type, barrier type, echelon type and flexure type of fault structures, but also small-scale scouring zone, fault and fracture zone. Complex geological structure is the key geological factor to induce mine gas outburst, roof disaster, stress concentration and mine rock burst. The influence of faults on stress concentration of roadway is 10 ～ 15 m, and the influence on working face is 20 ~ 30 m. There are gas enrichment areas in the working face, the distribution of gas content and gas emission has obvious zonation, and the zonation is controlled by faults. The content of coal seam gas and the amount of gas emission show logarithmic correlation with the distance between the working face and the fault, and increase obviously at the distance of 25 m from the fault, and change little in the area of more than 25 m, in the region less than 25 m, it increases exponentially with the decrease of distance. 20 m before and after the first pressure position and 30 m after the face-to-face are medium impact danger areas, the coal pillar affected area in goaf, 50 m before and after the final line, and 30 m before and after the fault with drop greater than 4 m are weak impact risk areas. The overlapping area of hidden disaster-causing factors such as rock burst, roof and gas, is the key area of disaster prevention and control. The research result realizes seamless connection between the hidden disaster-causing factors of geological structure and the mine disaster, and provides a feasible technical path for the development of traditional geological exploration in coal mine area to digitalization and intelligentization.