煤矸石是我国堆存量最大的工业固废，对矿区周边造成了一系列严重的生态和环境危害。考虑到煤矸石制备混凝土是利用率最高的处置方式之一，为了实现煤矸石在混凝土中的有效利用，系统总结了煤矸石组成特征、使用参数对混凝土性能的影响，重点归纳了煤矸石粗骨料、细骨料和矿物掺合料的使用条件（掺量、粒度和水灰比等）对新拌混凝土流动性、硬化混凝土力学性能和耐久性（吸水性、抗冻性、抗氯离子渗透性、碳化性能、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能）影响。结果表明：不同地区的煤矸石组成和性能差异明显，当煤矸石充当骨料时，要求降低其碳含量、硫含量、压碎值和吸水率，并优化煤矸石掺量、粒度和水灰比。当煤矸石充当矿物掺合料时，需要考虑降低粒度（＜0.074 mm及活化煤矸石粉。煤矸石粗骨料、细骨料和矿物掺合料掺量不宜超过45%、20%和10%。此外，还针对性地介绍了煤矸石粗细骨料和矿物掺合料性能提升技术，其中，热活化、表面包覆水泥砂浆、水玻璃以及微生物矿化技术可提升煤矸石骨料性能，而热活化和机械活化主要用于提升矿物掺合料活性。在此基础上，阐明了煤矸石粗细骨料和矿物掺合料性能提升机制，并指出了研究中存在的不足和问题，为煤矸石资源化利用和建筑材料发展提供方向和思路。

Coal gangue (CG), the most abundant industrial solid waste in China, poses significant ecological and environmental risks to surrounding mining regions. Given that incorporating coal gangue into concrete is among the most efficient disposal methods, this paper provides a comprehensive review of its composition, the effects of its usage on concrete properties, and the specific conditions for using coal gangue as coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and mineral admixture. The review emphasizes how variables such as dosage, particle size, and water-cement ratio influence the workability of fresh concrete, as well as the mechanical properties and durability- including water absorption, frost resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance, carbonation, and sulfate attack resistance-of hardened concrete. Key findings highlight significant regional variations in the composition and performance of coal gangue. When used as an aggregate, it is crucial to minimize its carbon and sulfur content, crushing value, and water absorption while optimizing dosage, particle size, and water-cement ratio. For its use as a mineral admixture, considerations include reducing particle size (to below 0.074 mm and activating the coal gangue powder. The recommended maximum dosages for coal gangue as coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and mineral admixture are 45%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. The paper also details performance enhancement techniques for coal gangue aggregates and mineral admixtures, such as thermal activation, surface coating with cement mortar, water glass treatment, and microbial mineralization. Thermal and mechanical activation are highlighted as key methods for boosting the reactivity of mineral admixtures. This study elucidates the mechanisms behind improving coal gangue's performance as aggregate and admixture and identifies research gaps and challenges, offering insights for advancing coal gangue utilization and the development of sustainable building materials.