煤体高应力是冲击地压发生的必要条件，及时准确测量评估煤体应力是冲击地压预警工作的关键环节。大直径钻孔是煤矿冲击地压防治最常用的预卸压、卸压解危和应力调控方法，研发和应用基于大直径卸压钻孔的煤体应力随钻测量技术方法，可以得到煤矿井下大量煤体应力数据。本文根据煤体钻削破坏特征，对钻头破煤进行了力学分析，以钻头钻削力为纽带，研究了钻头受力与煤体应力关系，建立了煤体钻削力学模型，给出了包含钻进多参量的煤体应力反演方程；开展不同强度和煤体应力的原煤室内钻进实验，验证了力学模型的准确性和适用性，自主研制了大直径卸压钻机配套的随钻测量装置，开展煤矿井下实测实验，获取钻头位移、转速、转矩随时间变化数据，计算得到不同钻孔深度的煤体应力，给出了卸压孔区应力场分布形态，并与钻进能量和钻进时间进行了比较分析。结果表明，室内钻进实验加载应力与钻削力学模型计算应力平均误差为4.9%、最大误差为15.7%；现场实测煤体应力随孔深呈现先上升后下降的趋势，与煤壁支承压力分布规律一致，同一钻孔的煤体应力、钻进时间和钻进能量随孔深变化曲线基本一致，表明高应力区钻孔消耗能量较多，所需钻进时间也较长；对比相邻钻孔应力发现，先施工钻孔的应力峰值较高，后施工钻孔应力峰值较低，且峰值位置向深部转移，表明先施工钻孔起到明显的卸压作用。通过建立钻进多参量和煤体应力的定量关系，进行基于大直径卸压钻孔钻进多参量的煤体应力原位测量，将大直径卸压钻孔从卸压工程孔拓展为应力测量孔，实现钻孔卸压与应力测量评估一体化。

Since high coal stress is a necessary condition for the occurrence of rock bursts, timely and accurate measurement and assessment of coal stress are critical for rock burst early warning systems. Large diameter drilling is the most commonly employed method for pre-pressure relief, hazard mitigation, and stress control in rock burst prevention. The development and application of coal stress measurement-while-drilling (MSWD) technology based on large diameter pressure relief boreholes can provide substantial coal stress data from underground coal mines. Based on the coal body cutting and failure characteristics, a mechanical analysis of bit-induced coal breakage was conducted. The relationship between bit force and coal stress was studied using the bit cutting force as a link, and a mechanical model for coal body drilling was established. An inversion equation for coal body stress, incorporating multiple drilling parameters, was proposed. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified through indoor drilling experiments. A measurement-while-drilling device, specifically designed for large diameter pressure relief drilling rigs, was developed and used for field measurements in underground coal mines. Data on bit displacement, rotation speed, and torque over time were obtained, and coal stress at different drilling depths was calculated. The stress distribution pattern in the pressure relief borehole area was presented, and a comparative analysis was conducted between the drilling energy, drilling time, and coal stress data. The results show that the average error between the loading stress from indoor drilling experiments and the stress calculated from the mechanical model is 4.9%, with the maximum error being 15.7%. The field-measured coal stress increases first and then decreases with hole depth, which is consistent with the distribution pattern of abutment pressure in the coal wall. The curves of coal stress, drilling time, and drilling energy with hole depth in the same borehole are nearly identical, indicating that drilling in high-stress zones consumes more energy and requires longer drilling time. By comparing the stress of adjacent boreholes, it was found that the first drilled borehole exhibited a higher peak stress, while the second drilled borehole showed a lower peak, with the peak shifting deeper, indicating a significant pressure relief effect in the first drilled borehole. By establishing a quantitative relationship between drilling parameters and coal stress, this study enables the in-situ measurement of coal stress based on large diameter pressure relief boreholes, extends the use of large diameter pressure relief boreholes from engineering applications to stress measurement applications, realizing the integration of coal pressure relief with stress measurement and evaluation.