西部煤炭基地是我国能源安全保障的核心“压舱石”，为提高资源采出率小煤柱临空巷道广泛应用，小煤柱临空巷道稳定性问题凸显。论文以国家能源集团麦垛山煤矿某工作面临空巷道为研究对象，构建小煤柱临空巷道力学模型，量化小煤柱临空侧顶板围岩下沉量与小煤柱支撑力关联性，探究围岩调控机制；采用朴素贝叶斯模型建立煤柱稳定性辨识模型，分别判断调控前后煤柱稳定性；通过精细化三维数值计算，研究临空巷道小煤柱围岩调控效果，并开展现场实施验证。结果表明：通过构建4种不同断裂线位置覆岩结构，推导得到了临空巷道直接顶最大下沉量与小煤柱支撑强度之间存在负相关。说明可通过提高小煤柱强度进而控制直接顶下沉，改善巷道围岩失稳问题；基于朴素贝叶斯及11项围岩参数建立煤柱稳定性辨识模型，准确率A_c达到0.953 7，满足辨识要求。并对原煤柱和改性调控后煤柱进行辨识，从算法角度证明了调控方案的可行性；通过FLAC3D数值模拟围岩改性协同调控方案前后对比，煤柱应力提升了57.6%，变形量最低减少了22.8%；支护体应力降低，最大位移量减少了31.2%。两帮应力差值减小，巷道围岩应力分布更加平衡；方案现场实施得到煤柱应力最大提高至2.325倍，且应力波动较稳定，顶板、两帮变形量减少超80%。验证了围岩改性协同调控方案对小煤柱临空巷道变形破坏防治的可行性，保证了巷道围岩稳定性。研究结果为西部矿区临空巷道小煤柱科学设计提供基础支撑，为实现西部矿区强采动小煤柱临空巷道失稳防治提供借鉴。

The coal base in western China is the core “ballast stone” of China’s energy security. In order to improve the resource recovery rate, the stability of small coal pillar open roadway is widely used. In this paper, the mechanical model of small coal pillar open roadway is established in Meidoushan Coal Mine of National Energy Group, and the correlation between the surrounding rock subsidence of small coal pillar and the supporting force of small coal pillar is quantified. The identification model of coal pillar stability is established by using naive Bayes model to judge the stability of coal pillar before and after regulation. Through the refined three-dimensional numerical calculation, the regulation effect of small coal pillar surrounding rock in open roadway is studied, and the field implementation is verified. The results show that there is a negative correlation between the maximum subsidence of the direct roof of the open roadway and the supporting strength of the small coal pillar by constructing four kinds of overlying rock structures at different fault lines. It shows that the subsidence of direct roof can be controlled by increasing the strength of small coal pillar, and the instability of surrounding rock of roadway can be improved. A coal pillar stability identification model was established based on naive Bayes and 11 surrounding rock parameters, and the accuracy of Ac reached 0.953 7, which met the identification requirements. The original coal pillar and the modified coal pillar are identified, and the feasibility of the control scheme is proved from the algorithm point of view. Through FLAC3D numerical simulation before and after the coordinated control scheme of surrounding rock modification, the stress value of coal pillar is increased by 57.6%, and the deformation is reduced by 22.8%. The stress of the supporting body is reduced, and the maximum displacement is reduced by 31.2%. The stress difference between the two sides decreases, and the stress distribution of roadway surrounding rock becomes more balanced. The in-situ implementation of the scheme can increase the maximum stress of coal pillar to 2.325 times, and the stress fluctuation is stable, and the deformation of roof and two sides is reduced by more than 80%. The feasibility of the coordinated control scheme of surrounding rock modification to prevent and control the deformation and failure of small coal pillar open-air roadway is verified, and the stability of surrounding rock is ensured. The research results provide basic support for the scientific design of small coal pillars in open roadway in western mining area, and provide reference for the prevention and control of the instability of open roadway with small coal pillars in western mining area.