煤层气作为一种富含甲烷(CH₄)的非常规能源，其低浓度富集对于提升能源利用效率和减少温室气体排放具有重要意义。研究聚焦于通过膜分离技术实现CH₄/N₂的有效分离，设计一种具有增强骨架结构的新型膜材料。首先，采用静电纺丝法成功制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)多孔膜，并将其与嵌段聚合物SBS及金属有机框架材料Ni-MOF-74复合，形成具有增强结构的混合基质膜，并对所制备的膜进行了详细的形貌、结构及理化性能表征，包括X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析、拉伸强度和气体渗透测试。结果表明：PVDF多孔骨架与膜层材料间的结合性良好，形成了相互钳制的复合结构，显著提高了膜的机械稳定性。在最佳条件下，Ni-MOF-74与SBS聚合物质量比为0.2%的PM20膜具有显著改善的机械性能，拉伸强度达到29.5 MPa，较纯SBS树脂膜提高约50%。另外，PM20膜的单组分气体渗透性能优异，其CH₄渗透率达到97×10⁻⁴ m²/s，CH₄/N₂理想选择性为4.03。对于CH₄-N₂二组分混合气体，该膜也表现出较高的CH₄渗透性和选择性。因此，本研究的新型膜材料具备优异的机械性能和气体渗透性能，在甲烷富集领域有一定应用潜力。

This study addresses the efficient utilization of coalbed methane, a methane-rich unconventional natural gas, by developing a novel membrane separation technology. A reinforced mixed matrix membrane was created using electrospinning to combine polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with a block polymer (SBS) and metal-organic framework material (Ni-MOF-74). Notably, the PM20 membrane, incorporating 20% Ni-MOF-74, demonstrated exceptional mechanical and separation properties. It exhibited a tensile strength of 29.5 MPa, which is approximately 50% higher than that of pure SBS resin membranes. In terms of CH₄ permeation, the PM20 membrane achieved a remarkable rate of 97 Barrer and a CH₄/N₂ selectivity of 4.03, significantly surpassing other membrane materials. For CH₄-N₂ binary gas mixtures, the membrane also exhibits high CH₄ permeability and selectivity. This advancement in membrane technology not only enhances the capture and utilization rate of methane in low-concentration coalbed gas but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable energy use and greenhouse gas emission reduction. The study's findings hold significant promise for the future of unconventional energy sources and offer new directions in coalbed gas treatment and methane enrichment technologies.