煤矿井下直流电法超前探测是探查掘进工作面前方含导水构造的主要方法之一，现场实际应用时多采用基于球壳理论发展出来的三极超前探测装置，近些年来许多学者对该装置的探测精度与分辨率产生了质疑，且该装置井下施工时需布置无穷远电极，进而造成施工效率低和成本高等问题。为提高直流电法超前探测精度和现场施工效率，提出了矿井直流电法偶极−偶极超前探测装置，通过理论研究、数值模拟和实测数据分析相结合的方式，对偶极−偶极装置的探测能力进行研究。首先，建立全空间地电模型对直流偶极子源的电场分布特征进行正演模拟，证明了该方法在直流电法超前探测中的可靠性与可行性。然后，通过设置均匀全空间地电模型和含不同形状低阻异常体的地电模型进行数值模拟，对比分析了单极−偶极与偶极−偶极装置的超前探测效果及对低阻异常体的响应特征。最后，通过现场试验，获得了掘进巷道工作面前方的电性响应特征，采用瞬变电磁超前探测方法进行对比分析，得到工作面前方5～45 m内有一处低阻异常，经钻探验证该异常属实。结果表明：采用矿井直流电法偶极−偶极超前探测装置可以有效地探查掘进工作面前方的低阻异常体，且该方法探测精度和施工效率高，节省了大量的人力和物力，具有理论意义和实际应用价值。

Advanced detection using the direct current (DC) method in underground coal mines is a primary technique for identifying water-bearing structures ahead of the driving face. Traditionally, a three-pole advanced detection device, based on spherical shell theory, has been widely utilized in field applications. However, recent concerns have been raised by scholars regarding the accuracy and resolution of this device. Moreover, the necessity of using infinite electrodes in underground settings results in low construction efficiency and high costs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a dipole-dipole advanced detection device. We assess the device's detection capabilities through a combination of theoretical research, numerical simulations, and analysis of measured data. Initially, we establish a full-space geoelectric model to simulate the electric field distribution characteristics of a DC dipole source, demonstrating the method's reliability and feasibility for advanced DC detection. We then compare and analyze the detection effects and response characteristics to low-resistance anomalous bodies of both pole-dipole and dipole-dipole devices using uniform and varied full-space geoelectric models. Finally, field tests provided valuable insights into the electrical response characteristics at the front of the excavation tunnel. Using the transient electromagnetic advance detection method for comparative analysis, we identified a low-resistance anomaly located between 5 to 45 meters ahead. This anomaly was subsequently confirmed through drilling. The study concludes that the mine's dipole-dipole DC method effectively identifies low-resistance anomalies in front of the driving head. This method not only offers high detection accuracy and construction efficiency but also saves significant manpower and material resources, highlighting its theoretical significance and practical application value.