“三高一扰动”是深部煤矿的典型特征，特别是高地应力与采动应力叠加，造成各类灾害频发，其中厚硬顶板强矿压、冲击地压与采动巷道大变形等问题已成为影响深部煤矿安全高效开采的重大隐患。为解决深部矿井厚硬顶板强矿压、冲击地压与采动巷道大变形等灾害治理难题，基于爆破技术提出了深部矿山“以爆抑灾”机理与防治新方法，实现地下矿山治灾“解连接、削峰值、控变形”的目标。首先，提出“点−线−面−体”的爆炸裂隙场原位监测方法，揭示了煤矿爆破现场爆炸裂隙网的形成机制，阐明了爆破卸压的围岩应力调控机理，从而为爆破技术在卸压防冲工程的现场应用提供了理论依据。其次，从参数设计、先进装备和效果评价3方面指出深部矿井爆破卸压的关键技术，涵盖参数设计、钻孔冲孔、装药封堵和综合评价的爆破卸压整体流程。然后，以淮南矿区(张集煤矿)、鲁西矿区(新巨龙煤矿)和宁东矿区(梅花井煤矿)作为典型工程案例，开展“以爆抑灾”指导爆破卸压的现场针对性研究，分别形成了松动预裂控制爆破，高位巷精细化控制爆破和采动巷道爆破的卸压应力调控技术。最后，围绕爆破参数的智能化设计，施工装备的无人化控制和超长炮孔的集约化装药3方向展望“以爆抑灾”的发展趋势，基于智能化、数字化和信息化的角度提出未来爆破卸压工程可能出现的研究重点和挑战性问题，对于深部煤炭资源开采过程中的灾害治理具有重要的理论和实际意义。

: “Three high and one disturbance” is a typical feature of deep coal mines. In particular, the superposition of high ground stress and mining-induced stress causes various disasters to occur frequently. Among them, problems such as strong rock pressure of thick and hard roof, rock burst and large deformation of mining roadway have become major hidden dangers affecting the safe and efficient mining of deep coal mines. In order to solve the problems of disaster control such as strong mine pressure, pressure bumps and large deformation of mining roadway in deep mine, the mechanism and new prevention and control method of “disaster treatment by blasting” in deep mine are put forward based on blasting technology, so as to realize the goal of “untie connection, weaken peak, control deformation” in underground mine disaster control. Firstly, the in-situ monitoring method of “point-line-surface-body” explosive fracture field is proposed, the formation mechanism of explosive fracture network in coal mine blasting site is revealed, and the stress control mechanism of surrounding rock in blasting pressure relief is clarified, which provides a theoretical basis for the field application of blasting technology in pressure relief and anti-scour engineering. Secondly, the key technologies of blasting pressure relief in deep mine are pointed out from three aspects: parameter design, advanced equipment and effect evaluation, covering the whole process of blasting pressure relief including parameter design, drilling and punching, charge plugging and comprehensive evaluation. Then, taking Huainan mining area (Zhangji coal mine), Luxi mining area (Xinjulong coal mine) and Ningdong mining area (Meihuajing coal mine) as typical engineering cases, the on-site targeted research of “disaster treatment by blasting” guiding blasting pressure relief was carried out, and the loose pre-splitting control blasting, high-level roadway fine control blasting and mining roadway blasting pressure relief stress control technology were formed respectively. Finally, based on the intelligent design of blasting parameters, the unmanned control of construction equipment and the intensive charging of ultra-long blastholes, the development trend of “disaster treatment by blasting” is prospected. Based on the perspective of intelligence, digitization and informatization, the possible research priorities and challenging problems of blasting pressure relief engineering in the future are put forward, which has important theoretical and practical significance for disaster management in the process of deep coal resource mining.