1.Institute of Mine Construction, China Coal Research Institute,Beijing , China；2.National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Shaft Construction Technology in Coal Mine, Beijing , China

针对井孔施工对于矿井建设、开拓准备和煤炭开采的安全及效率的重要性,对煤矿的井筒和钻孔进行了分类,将人员能够下井施工的定义为井或井筒,将只能采用机械钻进的定义为孔。根据钻孔的不同用途分为勘探、爆破、工程、工程辅助、安全及抢险等类型,对井孔的钻进破岩、排渣、临时支护、永久支护以及偏斜控制等工艺进行分析,论述了冲击、刮削、截割和挤压等不同的破岩方法及适用条件,各种类型的排渣方式、泥浆护壁及跟管钻进等临时支护,套管及井壁等永久支护形式及安装方法,对于大直径井筒钻进采用的钟摆降斜,小直径钻孔的钻孔随钻测量及螺杆钻具纠偏等作了说明。从破岩方式变革、智能轨迹控制、无人化钻井装备及柔性能量传递技术等方面,提出了钻进技术发展方向。

Construction of boreholes is very important for the shaft construction, preparation of development roadway construction and the safety and efficiency of coal mining. So we classify the boreholes in coal mines:those within which worker can carry out underground construction are called wells or shafts, while those which can only be drilled using machines are boreholes. According to their purposes, boreholes can be divided into those for exploration, blast, engineering, engineering-aided, safety and rescue. In addition, the processes of drilling and rock breaking, slag discharge, temporary support, permanent support and deflection control are analyzed. Various rock breaking methods including impact, scraping, cutting, and extrusion methods and their applicable conditions, as well as various slag discharging methods, slurry protecting wall, and temporary supports including drilling with simultaneous casing, permanent supports and the corresponding installation methods including casing and borehole wall are discussed. Then, the swing pendulum angle-drop in large-diameter wellbore drilling, and the measurement while-drilling and the rectification of screw drilling tools in small-diameter wellbore drilling are illustrated. Finally, we forecast the development direction of the drilling technology from the aspects of innovative rock breaking modes, intelligent trajectory control, unmanned drilling equipment, and flexible energy transfer technique.

国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2012AA06A403)；