三维可视化系统是智慧矿山建设的空间信息基础支撑平台（4DGIS）的有机组成部分。首先介绍了三维可视化发展历程；其次，结合当前三维可视化技术发展趋势，从三维数据获取与建模、三维软硬件技术、三维专业应用3个层次开展全方位的技术归纳与总结。重点阐述了透明工作面勘探技术及三维建模方法，介绍了三维巷道数据获取的激光LiDAR、全景图像和全景视频、立体视觉和深度相机等新技术，以及WebGL、云渲染等前沿网络可视化开发技术，探讨了虚拟现实、增强现实硬件技术进展。在应用方面，剖析了三维可视化系统在矿山领域应用的难点问题，指出一个通用的三维可视化或者三维地理信息系统是远远不够的，三维可视化系统应该从可视化展示局限性，逐渐深入到透明化勘探、智能化采矿设计、智慧通风、安全生产综合管理、工业智能管控、地表环境监测、灾害事故反演、虚拟仿真培训等领域形成各具特色的专题应用。此外，还介绍了最新的CityGML、Geo3DML、三维瓦片等国际三维数据标准。

Three-dimensional visualization system is a part of spatial information infrastructure platform (4D GIS) of intelligent mine. Firstly, this paper introduces the history of 3D visualization technology for mining industry. Secondly, the paper summarizes the latest research progress of 3D data capture and modeling, 3D visualization software and hardware, 3D visualization application, 3D data standard with the current cutting-edge 3D visualization technology. In this part, this paper mainly introduces the technology of geology exploration and 3D modeling for transparent longwall face, the several new surveying technology including LiDAR, panorama and stereoscopic and depth camera of 3D roadway data capture, the advance technology of WebGL, cloud rendering, virtual reality and augment reality. Thirdly, the paper analyses the current shortcomings of 3D visualization applications, points that  a general 3D visualization system or GIS system is far from enough, the system needs to support the various professional domains, such as transparent exploration, mine design, ventilation, work safety and management, industrial intelligent management and control, environment monitoring, disaster simulation, virtual simulation and training and so on. Finally, the paper introduces the international 3D data standards such as CityGML, Geo3DML, 3D Tiles.