瓦斯灾害是制约煤矿安全生产的主要灾害之一，而甲烷是瓦斯的主要成分，因此对甲烷浓度的准确检测对有效预防预警瓦斯灾害意义重大。基于甲烷物理化学性质的差异性特征概述了催化燃烧法、热导法、光干涉法、非分散红外光谱法和可调谐半导体激光光谱法的甲烷检测原理，探讨了不同原理的甲烷检测技术发展现状。在煤矿环境对甲烷检测技术的影响分析基础上，通过煤矿井下技术应用对比研究得出：催化燃烧法利用甲烷可燃性特征，适用于检测体积分数4%以下的甲烷，不适用于氧气浓度过低、甲烷浓度过高或存在含硫气体的井下环境；热导法利用含不同浓度甲烷的空气热导率的不同特征，适用于检测体积分数4%以上的甲烷，不适用于甲烷浓度低、二氧化碳浓度过高等井下环境；光干涉法利用含不同浓度甲烷的空气折射率的不同特征，适用于井下绝大部分环境，但不适用于二氧化碳浓度过高的井下环境；红外光谱法利用甲烷的气体选择性吸收的特征，适用于绝大部分井下环境，其中非分散红外光谱法受水蒸气、烷烃气体干扰，需进行算法优化以减小误差，而可调谐半导体激光光谱受其他气体干扰影响较小，但两者皆需采用补偿算法来减少受温湿度影响引起的误差。最后，对不同原理的甲烷检测方法进行了技术适用性综合对比分析，以期对煤矿甲烷检测技术的应用提供借鉴指导意义。

Gas disaster is one of the main disaster that restricts coal mine safety production,and methane is the main component of gas. Therefore,accurate detection of methane concentration is of great significance for effective prevention and early warning of gas disasters.Based on the different characteristics of the physical and chemical properties of methane,the principles of methane detection by catalytic combustion,thermal conductivity,optical interference,non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy,and tunable semiconductor laser spectroscopywere summarized,and the development status of methane detection technologies with different principles were discussed.Based on the analysis of the impact of coal mine environment on methane detection technology,the following conclusions are drawn from the comparative study of technology application in underground coal mine:catalytic combustion method uses the flammability characteristics of methane and is suitable for detecting methane with a concentration of less than 4%. It is not suitable for low oxygen concentration,and downhole environment where methane concentration is too high or there are sulfur-containing gases;the thermal conductivity method uses the characteristics of different thermal conductivity of air containing methane concentrations. It is suitable for detecting methane with a concentration of more than 4%,and it is not suitable for underground environments such as low methane concentration and high carbon dioxide concentration;optical interference method uses the different refractive index characteristics of air containing different methane concentrations,which is suitable for most downhole environments,but not suitable for downhole environments with excessive carbon dioxide concentration.Infrared spectroscopy uses the characteristic of methane gas selective absorption and it is suitable for most downhole environments. Among them,non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy is interfered by water vapor and alkane gas,and algorithm optimization is required to reduce errors.Tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy is less affected by interference of other gases,but both require compensation algorithms to reduce the error caused by the influence of temperature and humidity.Finally,a comprehensive comparative analysis of the technical applicability of different principles of methane gas detection methods is carried out in order to provide reference and guidance for the application of coal mine methane detection technology.