为了提升煤矿瓦斯煤尘爆炸灾害的防治技术和效果，基于不同爆炸能量和隔爆屏障粉体质量浓度研究了大尺度巷道内主动隔爆系统的隔爆灭火性能。在敞开空间采用高速摄影技术测试了主动巷道隔爆系统隔爆屏障的形成过程及动态分布特征，隔爆器粉体能在120 ms时刻形成8.04 m2有效断面，在1 200 ms时刻覆盖20 m，在空间内持续作用5 000 ms以上，得出驱动气体压力是影响隔爆屏障动态分布和覆盖距离的直接因素。在此基础上，采用断面7.2 m²大型地下巷道，进行了瓦斯(煤尘)爆炸传播实验和隔爆实验，分析了实验过程中压力波、火焰阵面的传播特性。研究结果表明:粉体隔爆屏障能有效起到衰减压力波和扑灭爆炸火焰的作用，在粉体质量浓度较低时，爆炸火焰将穿越隔爆屏障，而随着质量浓度的增加，隔爆效果增强。在瓦斯隔爆实验中粉体质量浓度为277.8 g/m³时，40 m位置爆炸超压衰减为36.4 kPa;在瓦斯煤尘爆炸隔爆实验中，粉体质量浓度为625.0 g/m³时，70 m位置爆炸超压降低至54.0 kPa，对比同等强度的爆炸传播实验，最大压力下降率均大于60%。瓦斯(煤尘)爆炸隔爆实验中，驱动氮气和粉体所形成的隔爆屏障能有效起到冷却降温、隔绝窒息和消耗自由基的作用。随着粉体质量浓度的增加，爆炸火焰传播速度迅速下降，整个传播过程中的最大火焰速度前移，出现在隔爆器前端，爆炸火焰在隔爆器后20 m区域内被完全扑灭。

To improve the prevention technology and effect on gas and coal dust explosion in coal mine,the flame proof performance of active explosion isolation system has been studied in a large scale roadway,based on different explosion energy and powder concentration.The dynamic distribution characteristics of explosion isolation barrier of active roadway isolation system are tested,using a high speed camera for measuring the formation process in the open space.The stored powder which continues to act for more than 5 000 ms in the space can form an effective section of 8.04 m² at 120 ms,and cover a distance of 20 m at 1 200 ms.It is believed that the driving gas pressure is the direct factor affecting the dynamic distribution and coverage distance of the flameproof barrier.On this basis,the large scale underground roadway with a section of 7.2 m² is used to conduct the explosion propagation test and explosion isolation test of gas (coal dust) explosion.The propagation characteristics of explosion pressure wave and flame front in the experiment process are further analyzed.It is found that the powder isolation barrier can effectively attenuate the pressure wave and extinguish the explosion flame.When the powder concentration is low,the explosion flame will pass through the flameproof barrier.The powder concentration addition exerts a stronger effect on explosion isolation.When the powder concentration reaches 277.8 g/m³ in the gas explosion isolation experiment,the explosion over pressure reduces to 36.4 kPa at 40 m.And the explosion overpressure at 70 m decreases to 54.0 kPa in the gas and coal dust explosion isolation experiment when the powder concentration increases to 625.0 g/m³.Compared with the explosion propagation experiment of the same intensity,the maximum pressure both decreases by more than 60%.In the explosion isolation experiment of gas (coal dust) explosion,the explosion proof barrier formed by driving nitrogen and powder has the effects of cooling,isolating,consuming free radicals on the combustion reaction system.With the concentration increase of powder particles,the flame propagation speed significantly decreases.The maximum flame speed in the whole propagation process moves forward and appears at the front of the flameproof device,and the explosion flame is completely extinguished within the area of 20 m behind the flameproof system.

1 实验系统和方法

   1.1 大尺度巷道实验系统

   1.2 巷道主动隔爆系统

   1.3 实验方法

2 隔爆屏障的形成及动态特征

3 巷道瓦斯(煤尘)爆炸传播特性

   3.1 瓦斯爆炸传播特性

   3.2 瓦斯煤尘爆炸传播特性

4 巷道隔爆实验效果及分析

   4.1 主动隔爆系统的布置

   4.2 粉体质量浓度对隔爆效果的影响

5 结论