木里煤田聚乎更矿区处于黄河一级支流大通河源头湿地生态区，是黄河流域生态环境保护的重点地区。因煤炭开采导致地貌景观破坏、土地损毁、水系湿地破坏、不稳定边坡和残煤高温异常一系列生态环境问题，对矿区生态系统造成扰动和破坏，导致矿区生态服务功能和生态环境质量下降。为了全面分析矿区生态环境问题，明确生态环境修复治理方向，保障矿区生态环境恢复治理工程高效开展，有效提升矿区生态环境质量。基于对生态环境问题现状的分析，将矿山环境恢复治理划分为4个阶段，即治理前的勘查设计阶段、治理中的地形地貌整治阶段和覆土复绿阶段、治理完成后的后期管护阶段，针对不同阶段的监测目标，利用卫星遥感、低空无人机遥感和信息化相结合的技术，充分发挥InSAR、热红外和三维遥感的技术特点，结合常规的地质调查、物探、钻探等手段，因地制宜，探索研究了卫星遥感技术在植被覆盖度、冻土反演和形变监测方面的应用，无人机遥感技术在基础地形测量、生态环境问题调查、生态治理效果可视化评价、工程监管和方量计算等方面的应用，经与实际调查结果对比分析具有较好的一致性。研究构建了聚乎更矿区生态环境修复治理监测模式，高效支撑了聚乎更矿区生态环境恢复治理工作，在黄河上游高原高寒生态脆弱地区矿山环境治理工作部署和工程监测中取得了良好的运用效果。

The Jvhugeng mining area of muli Coalfield is located in the wetland ecological area at the source of Datong River,a tributary of the Yellow River,and is a key area for ecological environment protection in the Yellow River Basin.A series of ecological and environmental problems caused by coal mining,including landform destruction,land destruction,water system wetland destruction,unstable slopes and abnormal high temperature of residual coal,have caused disturbances and damages to the ecosystem of the mining area,resulting in a decline in the ecological service function of the mining area and the quality of the ecological environment.In order to comprehensively analyze the ecological environment problems in the mining area,clarify the direction of ecological environment restoration and governance,ensure the efficient development of the ecological environment restoration and governance projects in the mining area,and effectively improve the quality of the ecological environment in the mining area.Based on the analysis of the status quo of the ecological environment,the mine environment restoration and governance is divided into four stages,namely,the survey and design stage before the governance,the topography and landform improvement stage during the governance,the soil cover and greening stage,and the later management and protection stage after the governance is completed.Aiming at the monitoring targets at different stages,using satellite remote sensing,low-altitude UAV remote sensing and informatization technology,give full play to the technical characteristics of InSAR,thermal infrared and three-dimensional remote sensing,combined with conventional geological survey,geophysical prospecting,drilling and other means,According to local conditions,the application of satellite remote sensing technology in vegetation coverage,frozen soil inversion and deformation monitoring has been explored.UAV remote sensing technology has been used in basic topographic surveying,ecological environment problem investigation,visual evaluation of ecological governance effects,engineering supervision and methods.The application of quantity calculation and other aspects has a good consistency after comparison and analysis with actual survey results.The research and construction of the Jvhugeng mining area’s ecological environment restoration and management monitoring technology model has effectively supported the restoration and management of the Jvhugeng mining area’s ecological environment.Good use has been made in the deployment and engineering monitoring of mine environmental management in the alpine ecologically fragile area of the upper Yellow River effect.

1 矿区概况

   1.1 矿区基本条件

   1.2 生态环境问题

2 监测技术方法

   2.1 卫星遥感监测方法

   2.2 无人机遥感监测方法

3 监测结果分析

   3.1 植被覆盖度变化

   3.2 冻土变化

   3.3 形变监测结果

   3.4 地表温度异常监测结果

   3.5 工程监管与方量计算结果

4 综合监测模式

5 结论