国内盐湖和矿石锂资源的开发利用难以满足消费需求，急需开拓新的替代资源，而中国煤及煤灰中锂超常富集，对煤及煤灰中锂的测试方法、含量与分布、赋存状态、燃煤过程中锂的迁移规律及其提取等5个方面进行了综述。结果表明：我国高锂煤主要分布在华北石炭-二叠系煤层、华南和西南二叠系煤层，其中内蒙古准格尔、山西平朔、广西扶绥和重庆南武、南桐等矿区煤中锂的含量大部分达到工业利用品位，有可能成为战略性关键金属锂的替代来源；测试煤及煤灰中锂的有效常用方法是电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS）；煤中锂的主要载体是高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石等黏土矿物，部分与有机质有关，其富集主要受物源区母岩、低温热液、区域地质构造和环境的控制；燃煤过程中锂的迁移受煤种、赋存状态、燃烧气氛、温度、粒径和锅炉类型等影响；煤灰中的锂二次富集，主要赋存于玻璃相中，也存在莫来石等矿物晶相中；介绍了煤灰中锂的已有提取工艺，并简要分析现有工艺的优缺点，同时指出提取锂的关键是如何破坏硅铝键和浸出液中锂的回收、提纯这2个方面。在机械/化学协同活化-深度脱硅的基础上，本着绿色高效的理念，应当借鉴盐湖提锂技术，加大对铝基吸附剂的研究，建立多种元素协同提取的工艺流程；最后提出今后煤伴生资源锂的研究方向。

The exploration and exploitation of lithium from salt lake and ore deposits are limited to meet the consumption demand in China，thus it is urgent to develop new alternative resources. Lithium in coal and coal ash in China is found to be highly enriched. This paper reviews the geochemical research on lithium in coal and coal ash，including its testing method，content and distribution and modes of occurrence，as well as lithium migration during coal combustion and extraction from coal ash. The results show that high-lithium coal is mainly distributed in Carboniferous Permian coal seam in North China，Permian coal seam in South China and Southwest. Among them，the content of lithium in coal reaches the industrial grade in Jungar of Inner mongolia，Pingshuo of Shanxi，Fusui of Guangxi，Nanwu and Nantong of Chongqing mines，which may become an alternative source of strategic critical metal lithium. ICP-MS is frequently used to determine lithium in coal and coal ash. The main carriers of lithium in coal are clay minerals such as kaolinite，chlorite and illite，partly related to organic matter. The enrichment of lithium is mainly controlled by the sediment-source rocks，low temperature hydrothermal fluids，depositional environments，regional geological and tectonic processes. The migration of lithium in the process of coal combustion is affected by coal type，modes of occurrence，combustion atmosphere，temperature，particle size and boiler type，etc. The secondary enrichment of lithium in coal ash mainly occurs in the glass phase，and also exists in the crystalline phase of minerals such as mullite. The available extraction technology of lithium from coal ash is introduced. In addition，the advantages and disadvantages of the present extraction process are briefly analyzed. At the same time，it is pointed out that the key to extracting lithium is how to break the silicon-aluminum bond，and the recovery，purification of lithium in the leaching solution. On the basis of mechanical/chemical synergistic activation and deep desiliconization，in line with the concept of green and high efficiency，we should learn from the lithium extraction technology of salt lakes，and enhance the research on aluminum-based adsorbents to establish the technological process of synergistic extraction of multiple elements. Finally，the future research directions of lithium associated with coal are proposed.

0 引言

1 锂的测试方法

2 煤中锂的研究进展

   2.1 煤中锂的含量与分布

   2.2 煤中锂的富集机理

3 燃煤过程中锂的迁移转化规律

4 煤灰中锂的含量和赋存状态

5 煤灰中锂的提取

6 结论与展望