针对厚松散层薄基岩非对称开采井筒偏斜机理问题，以山东郭屯煤矿立井井筒偏斜为研究对象，在阐释厚松散层薄基岩煤层开采覆岩移动变形机理的基础上，采用煤层开采沉陷理论、土体固结理论和随机介质理论，根据叠加原理给出了该类地层煤层开采和底含疏水共同作用覆岩移动变形计算公式，并得到实测验证；基于对该类地层开采覆岩移动变形特征分析，揭示了厚松散层薄基岩非对称开采与底含疏水共同作用下井筒偏斜机理及其影响因素。研究表明：在煤层开采与底含疏水固结共同作用下，大幅增大了地层下沉与水平移动系数、沉降和水平移动范围；反演郭屯矿井筒偏斜参数，得到其松散层主要影响角正切值为0.6，远小于《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范》规定的2.41～3.54；导致该矿工广内立井井筒偏斜的机理是，煤层开采引发的底含疏水固结沉降叠加作用，致使该矿主、副、风井均处于覆岩移动变形影响范围内，在非对称煤层开采(西北方向)条件下，上覆深厚松散层向该方向发生水平移动，从而导致井筒发生偏斜；井筒偏斜量与底含厚度M、松散层与基岩层厚度比k0以及底含水位降深Sw等因素成正相关，且影响敏感度依次为Sw，k0，M。

Aiming at the mechanism of shaft deflection in asymmetric mining of thick loose layer and thin bedrock,the shaft deflection of Shandong Guotun coal mine was investigated.Based on the mechanism of overburden movement and deformation in mining of thick loose layer and thin bedrock,coal mining subsidence theory,soil consolidation theory,random medium theory,and the superposition principle,the calculation formula of overburden movement and deformation under the joint action of coal seam mining and bottom water drainage in this kind of stratum is given.The results are verified by field measurement.Based on the analysis of the movement and deformation characteristics of overburden in the mining of this kind of stratum,the mechanism and influencing factors of shaft deflection under the combined action of asymmetric mining of thick loose layer and thin bedrock and bottom water drainage are revealed. The research shows that under the combined action of coal seam mining and bottom aquifer hydrophobic consolidation,the coefficient of stratum subsidence and horizontal movement,the range of subsidence and horizontal movement are greatly increased.By inversing the deflection parameters of Guotun mine shaft,it is obtained that the tangent of the main influence angle of the loose layer is 0.6,which is far less than 2.41-3.54 specified in the code for coal pillar setting and coal pressure mining under buildings,water bodies,railways and main roadways.The mechanism leading to the shaft deflection is that the superposition of bottom aquifer hydrophobic consolidation settlement caused by coal seam mining causes the main,auxiliary and air shafts of the mine to be within the influence range of overburden movement and deformation. Under the condition of asymmetric coal seam mining (northwest direction),the overlying deep loose layer moves horizontally in this direction,resulting in shaft deflection.The shaft deflection is positively correlated with the bottom aquifer thickness M,the thickness ratio k0 of loose layer to bedrock layer,and the drawdown Sw of bottom aquifer,and the influence sensitivity is Sw,k0,M in turn.

1 工程背景

   1.1 水文与工程地质

   1.2 井筒偏斜特征

2 厚松散层薄基岩煤层开采覆岩移动变形机理

3 煤层开采与底含疏水共同作用覆岩移动计算求解

   3.1 基本假设

   3.2 地层总沉降量

   3.3 煤层开采覆岩移动计算

   3.4 底含疏水引起的松散层移动变形求解

4 井筒偏斜机理分析

   4.1 煤层开采与底含疏水共同作用井筒偏斜计算

   4.2 井筒偏斜机理分析

5 井筒偏斜主要影响因素分析

   5.1 底含厚度M

   5.2 松散层与基岩层厚度比k0

   5.3 底含水位降深Sw

   5.4 影响敏感性分析

6 结论