我国煤系针状焦的发展起源于20世纪80年代，经过不断努力，目前煤系针状焦的生产已经初具规模。回顾总结了我国煤系针状焦制备技术所经历的3个主要发展阶段：实验室技术开发与工业化初步发展阶段、煤系针状焦工业化技术壁垒突破和圆梦国产化阶段、煤系针状焦技术深度发展阶段。同时，详细介绍了各发展阶段煤系针状焦技术的研究重点及发展方向，依次从煤系针状焦生产过程的3道主要工序：预处理工序、延迟焦化工序和煅烧工序入手，充分讨论了目前各工序采用的生产工艺流程。预处理工序以溶剂萃取法为基础，开发出了3种特色预处理工艺技术，总体上实现了精制沥青收率高、喹啉不溶物（QI）脱除效果理想的原料预处理操作。延迟焦化工序发展了零循环比和可调循环比的2种不同工艺技术，其根本区别是进入焦炭塔的物料不同，而具体操作工艺的差别在于零循环比工艺采用恒温、变压、短生焦周期操作方式，可调循环比工艺采用变温、变压、长生焦周期操作方式。2种工艺技术中，多数煤系针状焦生产企业选择了可调循环比工艺；煅烧工序以回转窑煅烧工艺为主，罐式炉煅烧工艺为辅；前者加工周期短、产能理想，但是炭质烧损大，收率低，且对含有较多粉料的生焦煅烧不友好，因此近2 a罐式炉煅烧工艺技术重新受到关注。通过分析目前国内煤系针状焦技术现状，打破现有煤系针状焦产品质量欠佳及“同质化”严重的局面，强调注重生产过程的技术基础研究以及不断完善生产工艺过程的策略来提高我国煤系针状焦产品的质量，增强国际竞争力。最后提出了未来我国煤系针状焦技术发展趋势是开发两段焦化工艺，实现操作简单、人为干预少、工艺参数控制精度高、环境友好及副产品附加值高的先进生产技术。在此基础上实现针状焦产品质量“品质高端化”、性能“应用差异化”的战略目标，以助力我国煤系针状焦行业的有序健康发展。

The development of coal-measure needle coke in China originated in the 1980s. Now，the production of coal-measure needle coke has begun to take shape through decades of continuous efforts of relevant workers. The three main development stages of coal- measure needle coke preparation technology in our country were reviewed and summarized: technology development in laboratory and initial industrialization stage, the breakthrough of technical barriers of coal-measure needle coke industrialization and dream-realization localization stage, and the in-depth development stage of coal-measure needle coke technology. Meanwhile, the research focus and development direction of coal-measure needle coke technology in each development stage were introduced in detail. Current production technology process of coal-measure needle coke production companies in our country have been discussed and analyzed according to the pretreatment unit, delayed coking unit and calcination unit, respectively. In the pretreatment unit, three kinds of unique pretreatment technology have been developed based on the solvent extraction method. Overall, the raw material pretreatment operation with high refined pitch yield and ideal QI removal effect has been realized. There are two different process technologies (zero cycle ratio process and adjustable cycle ratio process) on the delayed coking unit during the industrial production of needle coke. Where, the fundamental difference is that the materials entering the coke tower are different, and the difference in the specific operation process was that the operation mode of zero cycle ratio process is constant temperature, variable pressure and short coke generation cycle. While the operation mode of adjustable cycle ratio process is variable temperature, variable pressure, and long coke generation cycle. Most coal-measure needle coke production enterprises choose the adjustable cycle ratio technology. Moreover, the calcination unit is major in rotary kiln calcination process and supplemented by the tank furnace calcination process. The former has a short processing cycle and ideal production capacity, but has large carbon burning loss, low yield, and is not friendly to the calcination of green needle coke containing more powders. Therefore, the calcination technology of tank furnace has been attracted a lot of attention again in the past two years. Based on the analysis of the current situation of domestic coal-measure needle coke technology, the existing situation of poor quality and serious "homogenization" of coal-measure needle coke products should be broken. The technical foundation research and continuous improvement of production process were emphasized to pay more attention according to the current situation of the coal-measure needle coke industry in our country. Which is favourable to improve the quality of China′s coal-based needle coke products and enhance the international competitiveness. Furthermore, the trend of industrial technology development of coal-based needle coke in the future was suggested as follows: through the development of two-stage coking process, the advanced production technology with simple operation, less human intervention, high process parameter control precision, friendly environment and high added value of by-products will be realized. On this basis, the strategic objectives of product quality "high-end quality" and the performance satisfaction "application differentiation" will be achieved to promote the orderly development of China′s coal-measure needle coke industry.

0 引言

1 我国煤系针状焦的发展历史

2 煤系针状焦生产技术发展现状

   2.1 原料预处理工艺

   2.2 延迟焦化工艺

   2.3 煅烧工艺

3 我国煤系针状焦未来发展方向

   3.1 生产过程中基础研究的重要性

   3.2 煤系针状焦延迟焦化新工艺开发

4 结语