以CO催化加氢、催化羰基化和甲醇催化脱水等反应为核心的碳一化工技术，是煤气化为基础的现代煤化工产业的关键技术，近10 a来工业化应用取得重大成功，已经成为煤炭清洁高效利用的主要途径。但是，煤炭既是原料，又是转化过程热能和动力能的转化燃料，使得现代煤化工产业的碳排放量大又集中，具有局部强排放特征。从原料低碳化，转化热能和动力清洁化，热催化工艺和催化剂创新，反应产物高选择以及CO₂光电催化转化技术等方面入手，探讨了在“碳达峰、碳中和”双碳模式下，碳一化工技术的发展趋势和前景。随着清洁新能源大规模低成本“绿氢”的制备技术的发展，也将促使逆水汽变化或者电催化CO₂还原为“绿CO”大规模应用，也将使碳一化工合成气原料发生巨大变化，由目前高碳的化石能源进行的CO水汽变换制氢的过程，向由清洁新能源“绿氢”的CO₂逆水汽变换制备“绿CO”过渡，即，碳一化工原料合成气的变化将由化石能源制备的合成气“CO+H₂”，向低碳排放“CO+绿H₂”或负碳排放的“绿CO+绿H₂”发展，以实现“碳达峰碳中和”目标。采用近零碳排放的光电和风电等可再生清洁能源取代碳一化工过程中现有的燃煤锅炉，以及通过优化设计，采用新型节能减排措施和行业间的技术耦合，降低能源消耗等，也是减排CO₂实现“碳达峰碳中和”的有效措施。

The carbon-one chemical technology with the core of catalytic hydrogenation of CO, catalytic carbonylation and catalytic dehydration of methanol is a key technology of the modern coal chemical industry based on coal gasification. In the past decade, it has achieved great success in industrial application and has become the main way of clean and efficient utilization of coal. However, coal is not only a raw material, but also a fuel for the heat and power of the conversion process, which makes the carbon dioxide emissions in the modern coal chemical industry large and concentrated, with the characteristics of local strong emission. From the aspects of the low-carbon raw materials, the clean conversion of heat and power, innovation of thermal catalytic technology and catalysts, high selectivity of reaction products, and photo/electrocatalytic conversion technology of CO2, the development trend and prospects of carbon-one chemical technology under the dual-carbon model of emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide were discussed. With the development of clean new energy large-scale and low-cost "green hydrogen" preparation technology, reverse water-gas shift reaction or electrocatalytic CO2 reduction will be promoted to the "green CO" large-scale application. It will make a huge change in the carbon-one chemistry syngas feedstock, from the currently CO reverse water gas shift reaction to hydrogen by high-carbon fossil energy, to the CO2 inverse water gas shift reaction by the new clean "green hydrogen". That is, the change of syngas from "CO+H2" prepared by fossil energy sources towards "CO + green H2" with low carbon emissions or "green CO + green H2" with negative carbon emissions, in order to achieve the goal of emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide. The adoption of renewable clean energy sources such as near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic and wind power to replace the existing coal-fired boilers in the carbon-one chemistry, as well as the adoption of new energy-saving and emission reduction measures and inter-industry technology coupling to reduce energy consumption through optimal design, are also effective measures to reduce CO2 emissions to achieve emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide.

0 引言

1 碳一化工过程原料、热能和动力变化

   1.1 采用低碳原料

   1.2 采用绿色H2和绿色CO原料

   1.3 采用清洁热能和电力动力

2 碳一化工热催化技术

   2.1 CO加氢催化转化

   2.2 甲醇催化脱水

   2.3 CO2热催化转化

3 光电催化碳一化工技术

   3.1 CO2电催化技术

   3.2 CO2光催化技术

   3.3 CO2光/热催化技术

   3.4 CO2光电催化技术

4 碳一化工工艺碳减排

   4.1 节能降耗

   4.2 行业间耦合

5 结语及展望