活化小分子与催化剂协同作用可调控煤热解产物的组成与分布，深入了解这一过程有助于实现煤炭资源的清洁高效利用。在两段式固定床反应器上分别研究了以煤灰及组成煤灰的各主要氧化物（如Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、CaO、MgO等）催化活化H₂与煤热解耦合反应对煤热解产物的影响。结果表明，当活化温度为700 ℃、热解温度为600 ℃时，在活化段分别加入煤灰和Fe₂O₃后，由于H₂被催化活化产生的·H参与了煤热解反应过程，焦油产率与未添加前相比分别提高了15.6%和13.7%。焦油的GC-MS和模拟蒸馏分析结果表明，以煤灰的主要氧化物（如Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、CaO、MgO）为H2活化催化剂时仅有利于芳烃、酚类和脂类物质的生成；煤灰作为H2活化催化剂时不仅有利于焦油中醚类、脂类和芳烃的生成，还可提高轻油、酚油和洗油的含量，对焦油轻质化效果十分显著。

The synergistic action of activated small molecules and catalysts can regulate the composition and distribution of coal pyrolysis products. An in-depth understanding of this process can help to realize the clean and efficient utilization of coal resources. The effects of the coupled reaction between catalytically activated H2 and coal pyrolysis with coal ash and its main oxides of coal ash (such as Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, etc.)on coal pyrolysis products were studied in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor. The results show that when the activation temperature is 700 ℃ and the pyrolysis temperature is 600 ℃, the tar yield increases by 15.6% and 13.7%, respectively, compared with that before the addition of coal ash and Fe2O3, because the ·H generated by the catalytic activation of H2 participates in the coal pyrolysis reaction. The results of GC-MS and simulated distillation analysis of tar show that the main components of coal ash (such as Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO and MgO) are used as H2 activation catalyst, only being conducive to the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and lipids. When coal ash is used as H2 activation catalyst, it is beneficial to the formation of ethers, lipids and aromatics in tar and can improve the content of light oil, phenolic oil and wash oil, which has a significant effect on the lightening of tar.

0 引言

1 试验材料和方法

   1.1 材料

   1.2 热解试验

   1.3 产物分析与表征

2 试验结果与讨论

   2.1 热解气氛对热解焦油和半焦收率的影响

   2.2 煤灰及其主要氧化物催化活化H2与煤热解耦合研究

   2.3 煤灰活化气氛与煤热解耦合反应的作用机理

3 结论