煤矿采动覆岩“竖三带”（垮落带、断裂带与弯曲下沉带）范围的合理确定，对瓦斯抽采、“三下”采煤和采煤沉陷区建（构）筑物的地基稳定性评价等具有重要意义。采用数值模拟、理论分析、现场实测等方法研究了基于岩层挠曲变形的采动覆岩“竖三带”的理论判别方法，并将该理论判别法进行工程应用。根据某矿采矿地质条件，通过数值模拟试验方法，从采动覆岩的离层、破断和垮落三方面系统分析了采动覆岩的破坏运移规律，得到了垮落带和断裂带的分界判别依据（破断岩层能否形成稳定“砌体梁”结构）、断裂带和弯曲下沉带的分界判别依据（岩层是否发生破断）；基于上述分界判别依据采用理论分析方法，推导出了破断岩层的形成“砌体梁”的稳定条件和岩层破断临界条件下的挠度弯曲变形公式，提出了基于岩层挠曲变形的“竖三带”理论判别方法及其适用条件；该方法被应用于采动覆岩“竖三带”的理论计算与判别，并与现场双端堵水器观测法和钻孔电视观测法的实测结果进行了对比验证。研究结果表明：应用提出的理论判别法计算得到了采空区上方垮落带高度、导水裂缝带发育高度与弯曲下沉带厚度，该计算结果与现场实测结果相近，验证了所提出采动覆岩“竖三带”理论判别法的合理性及实用性。

The reasonable determination of the scope of “vertical three zones” (including caving zones + fracture zones + curved subsidence zones) of overlying rock in coal mines is of great significance for gas drainage, coal mining under three conditions and foundation stability evaluation of buildings (structures) in surface subsidence area. It is of great significance to evaluate the stability of the foundation of the material. In this paper, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, field measurement and other methods are used to study the theoretical discrimination method and engineering application of “vertical three zones” of mining overburden based on the deflection deformation of strata. According to the mining geological conditions of a mine, through the numerical simulation experiment method, the failure and migration law of the mining overburden was systematically analyzed from three aspects: separation, fracture and collapse of mining overburden, and the cavitation zone and fracture zone were obtained. On the basis of the analysis method, the stability condition of the masonry beam and the deflection and bending deformation formula under the critical condition of the broken rock stratum were derived. Based on the above demarcation basis, the "three zones" theory discrimination method and its applicable conditions based on the deflection deformation of the strata were proposed. The method was applied to the theoretical calculation and discrimination of the “three zones” of mining overburden, and was compared with the field observation method of double end water plugging device. The measured results of borehole TV observation method are compared and verified. The research results show that the height of caving zone above the goaf and the development height of water flowing fracture zone, as well as the thickness of the bending subsidence zone were calculated by the proposed theoretical discriminant method. The calculation results are closed to the field measured results, which verifies the rationality and practicability of the proposed "vertical three zones" theoretical discrimination method for mining overburden.