随着国家“碳达峰、碳中和”目标提出，火电企业成为双碳目标的先行者和主力军并率先进入全国碳交易市场。控排企业碳排放报告由企业依据质量控制计划统计历史年度数据得到，经第三方核查机构核查并形成最终结果，碳排放数据质量是关注重点，直接决定碳交易的公正性。随着纳入控排企业数量快速增加以及碳核查工作的深入开展，碳排放核查在政府侧、核查机构侧及企业侧均反映出一些问题，亟需发展碳计量技术手段予以解决。总结分析国内外温室气体核查和连续监测经验，欧美等发达国家发展较早，初步形成了各自的碳计量体系，而我国温室气体排放连续监测技术尚处于试点探索阶段，缺少完整的碳计量体系、标准及政策。为保证碳排放数据质量，提出以核查为主、连续监测为辅的具体方法，建议引入煤质快速分析计量技术，建立煤质数据库系统。开展碳排放监测法律法规政策研究和体系建设，建立对应的技术标准及质保体系，重点攻克温室气体连续监测技术难点，构建温室气体排放数据信息管理平台，并在火力发电行业率先开展碳排放连续监测试点，以推动我国火电企业碳计量体系建设，为全国各行业全面开展碳排放连续监测提供支撑，为统筹有序做好碳达峰碳中和工作,促进经济社会高质量发展提供坚强保障。

With the the proposal of national goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", thermal power enterprises have become the forerunners and main force of the goal, and have taken the lead in entering the national carbon trading market. The carbon emission report of emission control enterprise is formed by the historical annual data collected by enterprises according to the quality control plan, which is verified by the third party verification agency and forms the final result. The quality of carbon emission data is the focus, which directly determines the fairness of carbon trading. With the rapid increase in the number of companies included in emission control and the in-depth development of carbon verification work, carbon emission verification has reflected some problems on the government side, verification agency side and enterprise side that are urgent to develop carbon measurement technology to solve. The experience of greenhouse gas verification and continuous monitoring at home and abroad was summarized and analyzed, developed countries such as Europe and the United States developed earlier and initially formed their own carbon measurement systems. However, the continuous monitoring technology for greenhouse gas emissions in China was still in the pilot exploration stage, lacking a complete carbon measurement system, standards and policies. To ensure the quality of carbon emission data, specific methods based on verification and supplemented by continuous monitoring were proposed. It is suggested to introduce the rapid analysis and measurement technology of coal quality and establish the coal quality database system. The research on laws, regulations, policies and system construction of carbon emission monitoring is carried out, the corresponding technical standards and quality assurance system are established, the tackling technical difficulties of continuous monitoring of greenhouse gases are focused on, a greenhouse gas emission data information management platform is built, and the  continuous monitoring pilot of carbon emissions in the thermal power industry is firstly carried out, so as to promote the construction of carbon measurement system in China's thermal power enterprises, provide support for the comprehensive implementation of continuous monitoring of carbon emissions in all industries across the country, and provide a strong guarantee for the overall and orderly implementation of carbon peak and carbon neutralization work and the promotion of high-quality economic and social development.

0 引言

1 温室气体排放核查过程存在的问题

   1.1 政府侧

   1.2 核查机构侧

   1.3 企业侧

2 温室气体排放连续监测技术研究现状

   2.1 国外现状

   2.2 国内现状

3 开展火电企业碳计量所需工作及建议

   3.1 核查为主

   3.2 监测为辅

4 结语