State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing
Research Center of Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Shandong University

深部围岩动力灾害发生的本质在于围岩积聚能量的突然释放，通过锚固支护实现能量的有效吸收是围岩控制的常用手段，也是围岩动力灾害控制的关键。锚固岩体动力特性及控制机制研究是锚固支护合理设计的前提。基于此，研发了新型高强、高延伸率、高吸能特性恒阻吸能支护材料，开展了恒阻吸能锚固岩体动力试验，分析了锚固岩体的动力学响应特征与能量演化规律。结果表明，与无锚岩体相比，恒阻吸能锚固岩体表面损伤率和体积损伤率分别降低了62.1%和93.1%，中粒、细粒和微粒岩爆碎屑质量减少均在90%以上，总能量、平均能量和最大能量分别降低了87.6%、82.9%、80.3%，岩爆峰值应力增加了54.2%，岩爆时间延后了140.2%。同时对恒阻吸能支护构件的强度、吸能能力、剪切偏移等特征进行了分析，恒阻吸能材料的强度、形变和吸能安全储备率分别为38.8%、94.0%、97.9%，安全性好。试件上端和下端支护构件的上下总偏移量分别为0.886、0.403 mm，岩爆锚固控制应考虑围岩的剪切作用。基于岩爆能量计算模型，研究了岩爆峰值应力与能量释放的规律，明确了预应力锚固支护对岩爆的控制机制。恒阻吸能锚固使岩体岩爆的峰值应力从单轴抗压强度的1.6倍增加到2.5倍，加锚岩体岩爆所需能量是无锚岩体的2.3倍，预应力锚固支护有效降低了岩爆发生的风险。在上述研究基础上，从监测预警、控制方法、支护设计、效果评价等方面提出了岩爆防控的工程建议。

The essence of rock dynamic disaster in deep engineering is the sudden release of accumulated energy of surrounding rock. The effective absorption of energy through anchor support is not only a common means of surrounding rock control, but also is the key of rock dynamic disaster control. The research on dynamic characteristics and control mechanism of anchored rock is the premise of reasonable support design. Based on this, a new type of constant resistance and energy absorption support material with high strength, high elongation and high energy absorption is developed. The dynamic test of anchored rock with constant resistance and energy absorption is carried out. The dynamic response characteristics and energy evolution law of anchored rock is analyzed. The results show that compared with unanchored rock, the surface damage rate and volume damage rate of anchored rock with constant resistance and energy absorption are reduced by 62.1% and 93.1% respectively. Compared with unanchored rock, the fragment weight of medium, fine and microparticles of anchored rock are reduced by more than 90%. Compared with unanchored rock, the total energy, average energy and maximum energy of anchored rock are reduced by 87.6%, 82.9% and 80.3% respectively. The peak stress of anchored rock increases by 54.2% and the rockburst time is delayed by 140.2%. At the same time, the strength, energy absorption capacity and shear migration characteristics of support components are analyzed. The strength, deformation and energy absorption safety reserve rates of constant resistance and energy absorption materials are 38.8%, 94.0% and 97.9%, respectively. The offset of the upper and lower support components of the specimen are 0.886mm and 0.403mm, respectively. Rockburst anchorage control should consider the shear action of surrounding rock. Based on rockburst energy calculation model, the law of peak stress and energy release of rockburst is studied. The control mechanism of prestressed anchorage support on rockburst is revealed. The peak stress of rock burst increases from 1.6 times of uniaxial compressive strength to 2.5 times due to constant resistance and energy absorption anchorage.The energy required for rockburst of anchored rock was 2.3 times that of unanchored rock. Prestressed anchorage support reduces the risk of rockburst effectively. Based on the above research, the engineering suggestions of rockburst prevention and control are put forward from the aspects of monitoring and warning, control methods, support design and effect evaluation.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074164，42077267)；山东省杰出青年科学基金资助项目(ZR2020JQ23)

王琦，吴文瑞，何满潮，等. 恒阻吸能锚固岩体动力特性及控制机制[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(8)：3009−3019.

WANG Qi，WU Wenrui，HE Manchao，et al. Dynamic characteristics and control mechanism of anchored rock with constant resistance and energy absorption material[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(8)：3009−3019.