传统的垃圾焚烧发电厂具有发电效率低、投资大、环保成本高等缺点,难以市场化运营,长期依赖财政补贴。同时,我国现存大量的燃煤发电机组规模大、参数高、机龄新、环保设施齐全,但受双碳政策的限制,无法长期满负荷运行,造成了固定资产的巨大浪费。因此,开发燃煤耦合垃圾焚烧发电技术可充分利用现有燃煤机组协同处理垃圾,提高垃圾发电效率、降低垃圾发电成本、降低设备投资、降低燃煤机组碳排放。针对燃煤耦合垃圾焚烧发电系统开展了全流程模拟,并与燃煤发电系统进行对比,计算及评估分析系统的发电效率、经济性、环保性以及电力生产全流程碳排放。结果表明,对燃煤发电机组进行垃圾耦合改造后,系统发电效率仅下降0.95%;经济性明显改善,内部收益率由18.72%提高至21.89%,投资回报期由9.72a降至9.12a,但环境折算损失明显增加;改造后系统电力生产碳排放降低了14.02g/kWh(以CO2计)。研究结果表明,燃煤耦合垃圾焚烧发电系统在技术和经济上具有可行性。

Traditional waste incineration power plants have the disadvantages of low energy efficiency, large investment and high cost of environmental protection, making it difficult to operate in market and depending on financial subsidies for long-term survival. At the sametime, there are large number of coal-fired generating units exist in China, which have large scale, high parameters, new age, and environmental protection facilities.Due to the limitations of the dual-carbon policy, a huge waste of fixed assets has been caused because of theinability to operate at full capacity for a long time. Therefore, the development of coal-fired coupled waste incineration power generationtechnology can make full use of the existing coal-fired units to cooperatively treat waste, improve the efficiency of waste power generation,reduce the cost of waste power generation, reduce the investment in engineering equipment, and reduce the carbon emissions of coal-firedunits. The process of the coal power plant coupled with waste incineration system was simulated to compare with the coal-fired power generation system, and the power generation efficiency, economy and environmental performances as well as the carbon emission throughoutthe entire power production process were calculated and evaluated. The results show that the power generation efficiency of the coal fired generating unit only decreases by 0.95% after the waste coupling transformation. The economic performance is better, the internalrate of return increases from 18.72% to 21.89%, and the investment return period decreases from 9.72 years to 9.12 years, while the environmental loss cost increases after coupling transformation. But the carbon emission of the power production in the system is reduced by14.02 g/ kWh (calculated by CO2)after the renovation. The results show that the coal-fired coupled waste incineration power system istechnically and economically feasible.

0 引言

1 模拟与分析方法

   1.1 系统模拟

   1.2 分析方法

2 结果与讨论

   2.1 热力学性能

   2.2 经济性

   2.3 环保性

   2.4 电力生产全流程碳排放

3 结论