Center for Energy and Environment Policy Research, School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology

能源市场建设是关系国家经济社会发展的全局性、战略性问题,对国家繁荣发展、人民生活改善、社会长治久安至关重要。作为全国统一大市场的重要组成部分,我国天然气市场已初步形成市场化发展格局,提高了天然气供应安全性,优化了市场资源配置;但面对天然气统一市场建设中的阻碍,仍需进一步理顺各经济主体关系,激发市场活力。结合欧美等地区先发经验,深入调研我国天然气产业形势,提出以下政策建议:同步发展实体交易枢纽和虚拟交易枢纽,提高天然气流通效率;推动提升天然气交易中心交易量,在竞争中形成基准价格;加快上线天然气期货产品,提供价格发现、风险管理的基础;先管网独立、输销分离,后通过控股融合、参股融合、运营融合等多种方式,将地方管网融入国家管网公司统一调度;鼓励供需双方协商定价和市场定价,在气气竞争中形成基准价格指数;加快制定出台政策及标准,建立统一的天然气能量计量计价体系。

Energy market construction is a global and strategic issue related to the country's economic and social development, which is crucial to national prosperity and development, improvement of people's lives, and long-term social stability. As an important part of the large unified market, China's natural gas market has gradually realized a market-oriented development pattern, which has improved the security of natural gas supply and optimized the allocation of market resources. However, confronted with the obstacles in the construction of the unified natural gas market, it is still necessary to further rationalize the relationship between various economic entities and stimulate market vitality. Combined with the pioneering experience in Europe, America and other regions, and in-depth investigation of the situation of China's natural gas industry, the following recommendations are proposed: Develop physical hubs and virtual hubs simultaneously to improve the efficiency of natural gas distribution; Drive to boost trading volumes in natural gas trading centers to form benchmark prices in competition; Accelerate the launch of natural gas futures products to provide a basis for price discovery and risk management; Separate pipeline networks from transmission and distribution first, then integrate local pipeline networks into national pipeline companies through holding integration, equity integration and operational integration to realize unified dispatch; Encourage supply-demand negotiation pricing and market pricing, and form a benchmark price index in gas-gas competition; Release policies and standards as soon as possible to establish a unified gas energy determination system.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(72271028,71871020)天然气全国统一大市场建设进展及建议李照源,赵鲁涛(北京理工大学管理与经济学院能源与环境政策研究中心,北京100081)