Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy and Chemical Process Intensification,Xi’an Jiaotong University

受限于我国相对富煤贫油少气的能源禀赋,拓展非常规油气资源供给途径保障我国能源安全至关重要。富油煤是一类富含易断裂弱键结构且具有较高焦油产率的强资源属性煤种,将其高效清洁转化提取其中潜在的油气资源是极有发展前景的煤炭利用方式。聚焦于富油煤地面快速热解提油、地下原位热解提油以及与生物质协同热解等3种典型工艺路线,分别从研究进展及面临的挑战、反应机理及研究方法、工艺过程分析及优化、工艺装置开发及应用方向等4个方面进行详细阐述与总结。富油煤地面快速热解提油具有焦油收率高的优势,但同时也面临焦油品质差、粉尘分离困难的挑战。阐述了富油煤快速热解动力学模型建立及修正、工艺参数调控及优化、相关工艺装置总结及分析等方面进展。地下原位热解提油指富油煤不经开采直接在地下加热、热解,所得油气产物经采出至地面分离加工的新技术,具有占地面积小、开采费用少、排放污染小的优势,但也面临储层非均质、产物输运路径长损失大、地层应力高、孔隙压力大等挑战。从地下原位热解的热力学特性分析、过程强化探究、模拟实验装置开发等方面进行论述。富油煤与生物质协同热解可协调2者各自作为碳基热解原料的局限性,实现“碳氢互补、协同调质”,在进一步提高挥发分收率的同时实现热解规模化生产。协同热解仍面临产物定向调控困难、固相产物结构演变机制不明晰、反应器内物料均匀混合不充分等挑战。综述了富油煤与生物质协同热解中关键有机组分间相互作用机理、固相产物结构影响机制及利用技术、系列化规模装置开发等,并简要介绍了富油煤高效转化的其他分支技术,包括微生物转化,直接制油以及间接制油3种工艺特点及发展现状。富油煤作为储量丰富的油气替代资源,明确其主要转化提油工艺可以为其合理高效低碳利用提供有力的理论指导,为我国未来的能源发展道路提供更多选择。

Due to China’s energy endowment of rich in coal while poor in oil and gas,it is crucial to develop and ex⁃pand new ways of supplying unconventional oil and gas resources in order to guarantee China’s energy security.Chi⁃na has abundant coal resources,among which oil⁃rich coal is considerate and widely distributed.Oil⁃rich coal is a kind of coal with strong resource attribute and high tar yield(7%-12%).It is rich in breakable weak bond structure.Its ef⁃ficient and clean conversion to extract the potential oil and gas resources is a very promising way of coal utilization.This paper focuses on three mature oil⁃rich coal’s conversion processes:ground fast pyrolysis for oil extraction,under⁃ground in⁃situ pyrolysis for oil extraction,and synergistic conversion of coal and biomass for oil extraction,respectively.From four aspects of the latest progress and challenges,the essential mechanism and research methods,process analysis and optimization,process device development and application,the basic development of each process was elaborated and summarized in detail.Rapid pyrolysis of pulverized coal for oil extraction is characterized by small particle size and high heating rate,therefore it has the advantage of high tar yield,but it also faces the challenges of poor tar quality and difficult gas⁃solid separation.This paper mainly reviewed the establishment and modification of fast pyrolysis ki⁃netic models,process parameter regulation and optimization,as well as the summary and analysis of related process de⁃vices.Underground in⁃situ pyrolysis for oil extraction refers to the new technology that coal is directly heated and pyro⁃lyzed underground without mining,with oil and gas products are transported to the ground through the extraction wells,which has the advantages of small footprint,low mining cost,and low emission pollution,but it also faces the challenges of non⁃homogeneity of the reservoir,large loss of the product in the long transport path,high formation stress,and high pore pressure.This paper provided a comprehensive summary from the thermodynamic characterization of underground in⁃situ pyrolysis,process enhancement investigation,simulation experimental device development and construction.Coal and biomass synergistic thermal conversion can coordinate the limitations of coal and biomass as carbon⁃based py⁃rolysis feedstocks,realize carbon and hydrogen complementary,achieving pyrolysis scale production while improving volatile fraction yield.However,the synergistic pyrolysis still faces challenges such as the difficulty of product orienta⁃tion regulation,the unclear mechanism of solid⁃phase product structure evolution,and the difficulty of homogene⁃ous mixing of materials in the reactor.This paper summarized in detail the mechanism of interaction between coal and biomass in synergistic pyrolysis,the mechanism of solid⁃phase product structure and utilization technologies,and the development and evaluation of series⁃scale devices.In addition,this paper also briefly introduced the charac⁃teristics and development status of other branch technologies for the efficient conversion of oil⁃rich coal,including mi⁃crobiological conversion,direct oil production and indirect oil production.As an emerging oil and gas alternative re⁃source with rich reserves,clarifying the characteristics of its main oil extraction processes can provide a strong theoreti⁃cal guidance for its rational and efficient utilization,providing more choices for China’s future energy development path.

华能集团总部科技课题能源安全技术专题资助项目(HNKJ20-H87);陕西省创新能力支撑计划资助项目(2023-KJXX-004,2023-CX-TD-26)

吴志强,杨盼曦,郭伟,等.富油煤绿色低碳转化技术研究进展[J].绿色矿山,2023,1(1):138-165.

WU Zhiqiang,YANG Panxi,GUO Wei,et al.Research progress on green and low⁃carbon conversion technology ofoil⁃rich coal[J].Journal of Green Mine,2023,1(1):138-165.