对中国新生代煤炭资源分布与煤质特征进行整体归纳评价,有助于煤炭资源的高效洁净利用。阐述我国新生代煤炭资源在全国各大区的总体分布,重点探讨云南省、辽宁省、吉林省及黑龙江省新生代煤的资源分布,并剖析中国主要新生代煤系的煤质特征及利用途径。研究表明:中国新生代煤的资源分布地区不均,在不同时期的探明地质储量约为280亿t,其中西南区的新生代煤探明地质储量约为163亿t,云南省的新生代煤占比最高,东北区、华东区等其他各大区均有不同程度的分布。在新近纪时期已形成以小龙潭和昭通等为代表的大型褐煤矿区,因埋藏浅且又有巨厚煤层因而多适用于露天开采。而古近纪时期早已形成的抚顺、沈阳、梅河与山东龙口等煤田多产41号长焰煤及生产部分褐煤和少量气煤;新近纪、古近纪煤分别约占全国新生代煤的2/3、1/3。中国新生代煤的主要煤质特点是全水分普遍较高、灰分和硫分变化较大、以陆相沉积的特低硫煤到海陆交互相和浅海相沉积的中高硫与高硫煤均有、发热量(Qnet,ar)也普遍较低。中国新生代煤系的煤质不稳定性与各地区在不同时期形成煤的地质条件变化有关,古近纪、新近纪煤的煤岩显微组分、腐殖酸产率、透光率(PM)和煤灰熔融性软化温度之间均有明显区别,古近纪煤的平均镜质组、煤灰成分中的Al2O3含量均高于新近纪煤,而新近纪煤的灰熔融性软化温度明显低于古近纪煤,表明新近纪煤在气化和燃烧时更易结渣。在研究新生代煤系的煤质变化规律时发现同一煤田的煤层Vdaf随着埋藏越深则其值越小,即煤化程度越深。陆相沉积的古近纪41号长焰煤属低硫煤,而海陆交互相或浅海相沉积的云南等省新近纪褐煤的硫分普遍较高。我国新生代高硫煤多集中分布于云南省新近纪褐煤中,产煤中的高硫煤占20%以上,其全水分较高、热值低而难以脱水、脱硫和减灰且不宜单独燃烧,建议采用降硫、脱灰等有效措施以提升其利用价值。

The comprehensive summary of the distribution and coal quality evaluation of China’s Cenozoic coal re⁃sources is helpful for the efficient and clean utilization of coal resources. The overall distribution of China’s Cenozoiccoal resources in the Southwest, Northeast, Central South, East China and North China regions were elaborated inthis paper. The resource distribution of Cenozoic coal of Yunnan Province and Sichuan Province, and the resourcedistribution of Cenozoic coal of Liaoning Province, Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province were focused, the coalquality characteristics and utilization pathways of the main Cenozoic coal measures in China were analyzed too. Theresearch shows that: China’s Cenozoic coal is uneven in different regions, the proven geological reserves of coal indifferent periods of the Cenozoic era are approximately 28 billion tons, the proven geological reserves of Cenozoic coalin the Southwest region are 16. 3 billion tons, the Southwest region accounts for maximum proportion of the proven ge⁃ological reserves of Cenozoic coal in China, other major regions such as Northeast China and East China have varyingdegrees of distribution. Large scale lignite mining areas which was buried shallowly and has extremely thick coalseam, represented by Xiaolongtan and Zhaotong, have formed during the Neogene period, they are more suitable foropen⁃pit mining. The coal fields such as Fushun, Shenyang, Meihe, and Longkou in Shandong, which had alreadybeen formed in Paleogene period, produce more No. 41 long flame coal, as well as some lignite and a small amountof gas coal. Neogene and Paleogene lignite account for approximately 2 / 3 and 1 / 3 of China’ s Cenozoic coal. Themain coal quality characteristics of China’s Paleogene and Neogene coal is generally high total moisture content, sig⁃nificant changes occurred in ash and sulfur content. From terrestrial sedimentary ultra⁃low sulfur coal of lacustrine fa⁃cies to middle and high sulfur coal of marine land interaction facies and shallow marine facies, the coal all exists.The Qnet,ar is generally low. The instability of coal quality in the Cenozoic coal measures in China is related to the dif⁃ferent geological conditions of coal formation in different regions and eras, there are also significant differences in theindicators of coal macerals, humic acid yield, PM and coal ash melting temperature between Paleogene and Neogenecoal. The average vitrinite content of Paleogene coal is higher than that of Neogene coal. The Al2O3 content in the ashof Paleogene coal is higher than that of Neogene coal, the ash melting temperature of Neogene coal is significantlylower than that of Paleogene coal, which means that Neogene coal is more prone to slagging. When studying thechanges in coal quality of the Cenozoic coal series, it is found that the volatile matter (Vdaf) of coal seams in the samecoalfield decreases with increasing burial depth, which indicates a deeper degree of coalification. No. 41 long flamecoal, mainly from the Cenozoic Paleogene, is mostly found in terrestrial sedimentary coalfields, it basically belongsto low sulfur coal, however, many of the Neogene lignite in Yunnan and other provinces are marine terrestrial orshallow marine deposits, they have high sulfur content. The Cenozoic high sulfur coal in China is mainly concentratedin the Neogene lignite of Yunnan Province, high sulfur coal accounts for over 20% of coal production, its high mois⁃ture content and low calorific value make it difficult to be dehydrated, desulfurized and ash reduced, it is not suit⁃able for standalone combustion, it is suggested the measures such as sulfur reduction and ash removal should be usedto enhance its utilization value.