煤炭深部开采过程中，周期性开采扰动行为会使邻近煤层的煤岩复合结构承受循环载荷的作用，因此，研究不同循环载荷作用下煤岩复合试样的力学响应行为及宏−细观失效特征具有重要工程意义。选取3种不同的加(卸)载速率，开展了2种循环加卸载路径下的单轴循环压缩试验(同步测定声发射信号)，分析了煤岩复合试样的损伤失效特征；基于能量耗散原理，构建了煤岩复合试样在循环载荷作用下的能量−损伤本构模型，最后结合试验实测数据进行验证。结果表明：加(卸)载速率与复合试样的峰值强度呈正相关，当加(卸)载速率从0.05 mm/min增大到0.15 mm/min时，恒定下限逐步循环加卸载路径(路径I)、变上下限等幅循环加卸载路径(路径II)下，试样的峰值应力分别增加了22.44%和28.89%；高加(卸)载速率下，试样的内部裂纹扩展越快，煤岩复合试样中煤组分的破碎程度加剧，分形维数随之增大，试样的内部裂纹扩展越快；随着加(卸)载速率的增大，煤组分中沿基质破坏增多。循环分级跨度大的路径(路径I)有助于试样内部的应力传递，为试样内部裂纹的发育提供了有利条件，导致对应试样的破坏程度更高。试验曲线和能量−损伤本构理论曲线具有较强的一致性，表明所建的能量−损伤本构模型能够很好地描述煤岩复合试样在循环加卸载过程中的变形行为。

During deep coal mining processes, periodic mining disturbances cause the neighboring coal strata to bear the effects of cyclic loading and unloading, making it essential to study the mechanical responses and macro-micro failure characteristics of the coal-rock composite structures under different cyclic loads. In this study, three different loading rates were selected to perform uniaxial cyclic compression tests (with simultaneous acoustic emission signal measurement) under two types of cyclic loads, investigating the damage characteristics of coal-rock composites. Based on the principle of energy dissipation, an energy-damage constitutive model for the cyclic loading of composites was constructed and validated with experimental data. The results indicate that the loading rate is directly proportional to the peak strength of the composite specimen, where the peak stress increased by 22.44% and 28.89% for the gradual cyclic loading and unloading path (path I) and the cyclic loading and unloading path (Path II) respectively. The higher the loading rate, the faster the internal crack extension in the specimen, the crushing degree of the coal component in the coal-rock composite specimen is intensified, and the fractal dimension increases subsequently, and the faster the internal crack extension in the specimen becomes. With the increase of the loading rate, the damage along the matrix in the coal fraction increases. The paths with a large span of cyclic gradation (Path I) contribute to stress transfer within the specimen and provide favorable conditions for the development of cracks within the specimen, leading to a higher degree of damage in the corresponding specimen. The consistency between the test curves and the energy-damage constitutive model curves is relatively high, indicating that the proposed energy-damage constitutive model can well describe the deformation behavior of the coal-rock composite specimens during cyclic loading and unloading processes.